1880-06-04; Clare County Press

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SUMLMTOJBIB.
BX JOHN XDU3W00D.
j&nd wist ia solitude ?   Aa echo sayB,
T?o loam sway and hold communion Bwedt,
;jUon,e -raSi nature end with nature's God,
. WBera Bounds of revelry and din of etrif o
-Setreafc to notMngness J to Beet the deep
-. Aa4 silent wood, and Btvoll the brook beside,
Whose silver waves but ripple forth a san#
|Of praise to Him-whose bound'eas grandeur crowns
3?J?ivers9 oS thought and deed and truth
mth love's refulgent light; to go Where man
Ip not, nor e'er has heen, noi* Etain of sin
pollutes the fragrant ait with incense dense
Of crime and woe end pain; -where grandly bow
Xhemant oak and tender tvildwoodflower
Xo Him -who reigns supreme—the King of Kings.
Not: so to me.   To stand-within the midst,
» f,Tear the Jostling Bwa# that strife doth incte
A o those who walk upon the thoftnighfaro
pf busy selfish gains to stand tVlwre life
as aU, oaame with lov* tot pawtsr and pelf—
Aa oweak sags*, throsgiug mass of clay
That grinds humanity to dust for gold;
Where might ta right and honesty is sia,
And he who avould not be a& liUMel
3?o curse and loud bfesptate the God of gods,
Ss shunned as tlloti$l a. fool and lunatic—
The dregs oraa«ft!ated thought; tohve,
To move, asm. Enow no sympathizing breast—
??S]t     a"eart doth dwell as virtue pure—
SDoth Bain responsive to thine otvn wild hopea;
To feel there is no heart that beats for thee,
'Or loves to think or dream of thee'as friond,
"Or call thee some dear name, as in the past.
Ah! this is solitude!   A doleful Btate;
The wildest, deepest solitude that comes
To human ken—the dregs of 5»r|hly woe;
The spell of death andbliicknessof despair.
SIcAbthub, Ohio.
*
/
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VOLUME III.
CLARE, MICHIGAM, ¥ RIB '|Y, JUNE 4, 1§S0.
NUM.
TH':
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Jij)JilSil.C,     VJ'B
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snsnnBEW aw© SExarsr.
-£.
O grandma sits in her oaken chair
And in. flies Bessie w4th tangled hair.
*\i>ai going to be iaarriedj O grandmamma I
Ita going to ba married!   Ha, ha! ha, ha I"
O grandma smooths out her apron-string:
Do yow'know, my dear, 'tis, a eolenm thing?"
J33b feolenmer notto, grandmamma.
I'm. going to be married.   Bp, ha ! ha, ha!"
"Then grandma looks through her sixty years,
And sums up a woman's hopes ahd fears:
Six of 'em living ahd two of .'em dead;
Grandpa* helpless and tied to his bed.
Nowhere to live when the house burned down;
Tears of fighting with old Mother Brown;
Stockings to darn and bread to bake,
Dishes to wash and dresses to make.
Bat then the music of pattering feet,
GrandjSa'B kisses so fond and sweet,
Song and prattle the livelong day,
Jqj*and kisses and love alway.
rO grandma smooths out her apron-string
And gazes down at her wedding-ring,
And still she smiles as she drops a tear:
" -"His- 861emner not to!   Yes, my dear!"
IT MIGHT HAYE BEEN.
The fire bums cheerily in my room
to-night; the light gilds the furnishing,
the pictures and ornaments; all openly
suggestive of coziness and comfort. I
lean back. in my arm chair, survey the
surroundings, and try to think that I am
tcqntented. But it is in vain. I can only
realize its emptiness—to me it is only
the taunting ghost of what might have
been. How vividly the past comes np
before me to-night. It is useless for
me to attempt to drive, away these
■thoughts, for they are bitter memories
of my past life, which, like Banquo^s
ghost, will hot down at my bidding. I
try to crush out all thoughts of the
past, as at other times, but they come
with such weight that they are stronger
than my will.
Two years, is not a long periqd of time,
if measured as days, weeks and months,
bufc,. if measured by ithe agony the human heart can endure, it is an eternity.
Some say that hearts cannot break,
others, that women's do sometimes;
but men's are so constituted that they
can bear disaster to the affection without material injury to that delicate
organ. I don't pretend to say how this
may be, but I do know this world will
never again look as bright and beautiful to me as it did before I closed my
eyes on hope.
I try to cover my sorrow with a mask
of harshness toward womankind, and
well I succeed; for among my acquaintances I am known as a bitter, cynical
man, who sneers at women and love ;
and not one among them would accuse
me of ever having a sentimental thought.
But there are times when the old fires
burst forth uncontrollably—yes, times
ih my life when anniversaries come—
j$"J>?Tr**x"TT7~err!~"—.here is an end to
bitter past fWSato-Sis^1* is one of those
times, and unwi^j^-1 drift back into
the "long ago." It is evening.- The
brilliant orb of day is slowly and majestically sinking toward the western
horizon. The soft breeze is heavily
laden with the fragrance of the early
spring flowers, and it stirs, gently the
tender leaves of the few forest trees that
have dared to assume their vestments of
green. A broad, deep stream, spanned
by a rustic bridge; and directly across
this, and as far away as the view is unobstructed, winds a sandy, neglected
road, bordered on one side bya dense
undergrowth of scrub oaks, with here
and there a tall pine, which stand like
grim sentinels on guard; and, on the
other, by a broad field, which shows by
the freshly, turned soil that the plowshare of the husbandman has been busy
there. Half a mile away, can be seen,
standing out in bold relief against the
clear evening sky, the tall, white spires
of the village churches; and, as the
bright rays of the declining sun are reflected from the bronzed balls, by which
they are surmounted, they glitter in the
.    distance like burnished gold.
Upon the bridge stand two figures.
A youth of perhaps 22 years of
age, and a girl several years Ms junior.
. She, tall, dark and queenly, with deep,
-Jtfr-- fathomless eyes—such eyes *as poets
write of—eyes, one glance from which
can elevate a man to the supreme-pinnacle of happiness or doom him to such excruciating torture that the pangs suffered by lost souls in the lowest pits of
hell*can scarcely compare with it;
broad, high forehead, over' which, as is
the prevailing style, is tastefully arranged the glossy locks of jet-black
hair. Her face is one that brings to
memory the description given by ancient writers of the goddess of beauty,
but a close reader of human character
would pronounce her possessed of a
l^*'- heart/that would break before it would
yields and arwill that is strong as death.
Silence holds supreme sway.   The only sound that breaks in upon the calm,
7    peaceful stillness is   the low, musical
- ^   murmur of the stream as it flows be-
-* neath the bridge and the vesper hymn
of some feathered songster as it wings
its way to the deeper shades of the forest. *
The girl is seated upon the low railing
of the bridge. In one hand she holds a
small parasol, while the other, from
which-she-has removed the dainty glove,
toy's idly with a small bunch of wild
flowers which lie upon her lap. Her
eyes are fixed upon the distant hills, and
there is a far-away look upon her face
which tells that her thoughts are not of
her immediate surroundings.
Her companion is leaning against the
railing at her side and gazing westward
atthe setting sun which now hangs like
a fiery ball just above th© summit of the
distant hills. But ever and anon he
turns his face toward the beautiful being at his side, and his eyes light up
with what is unmistakably a look of
love.
Te is the first to break the silence,
and his voice is low, as if feaxfrl that its
gouril would grate harshly upon the
qv. s*. surrounding.
" STyrile, listen to -me, please." "*
She- glanced up^but gave no other
indication that- sue had heard hfe re-
guest.
"Myrtle, I must tell you now what
h?s bees." on my mind for weeks. It dis-
iix sse;> ao, beyond the power of language
io Cid'is'dhs* to realise that, we are no
loage-r ehiklraSj and to feel that the im-
prc-ssion o?.do rjpoa me- by your charms
jc-r.r3 e:;o soor;* sow io be increasing io
h Jc^ipiV sC--Si, oi joist loveliness and
ess;., '2ii-do2z me if mv confession sa&-
-Ic-ns yc~., ThiS I 'lore you. Myrtle, with
have erased from my meiiloiy the tended
associations of the past with which yoh
asfe connected, but now I feel that the
impression of your loveliness can never
fade from my mind."
He ceases speaking, and stands awaiting her reply. Her eyes have been
fixed upon the rippling water, but, as
he finishes, she raises them to his
face. Not a shade of color mantles her
dark, olive cheek. She looks at him almost haughtily, and not a tremor is discernible upon her face.
"Myrtle, darling, do you understand
me ? I love you more than life; for,
without you, life would be worth nothing to me. Myrtle, will you be my
wife?"
And still she is silent. A minute
passes, but it seems an age to him, and
then she extends one little hand toward
him. "With a glad cry he clasps it in
his own and carries it to his lips. And
this is all. He would give worlds for
the privilege ef taking her in his arms
and pressing one passionate kiss upon
those bright, ruby lips; but he knows
only too well the nature of this girl who
has but just pledged her faith to him.
They turned and walked silently away
in the gathering twilight, down the road
that leads to the village. The plaintive
notes of the whip-poor-will are heard
away off in the forest. Slowly and
silently night lowers her curtain of
darkness o'er the earth and pins it down
with a million of gHttering stars.
To dream of joy and wake to sorrow
Is doomed to all who live and Tove.
Spring has faded into summer, and
the last days of summer are slipping
away. The scene now is a social gathering in the village. The soft, mellow
lamp-light falls upon many a fair face
there that needs but the opportunity and
it would rival the boasted charms .of
many an acknowledged belle of the city
ball-rooms. Again do I see the maiden
I saw upon the bridge in the early
springtime. But the youth is not with
her now. By her side stands a dark,
coarse man, with low forehead, deep-
sunken eyes, and full, sensuous lips,
which tell that he has morte of the brute
in his nature than is usuflly allotted to
man. And yet this girl is smiling up at
him as she never smiled upon the fair-
haired youth who pleaded so passionately for her love but a few months before. "Where is he now? Ah, I have
just discovered him. He stands beyond
this couple, further back in the shadow,
and they are not aware of his close proximity, for he is the subject of their conversation. "Why is his face so pale?
■Why, indeed! He has just discovered
that the only woman he ever loved, or
ever can love, is false to him—that she
has toyed" with his heart's deepest af-
fectipn "willfully; and, worse than all
else, he has learned that she loves the
dark, evil man at her side.
Mechanically he tears the glove he
has just drawn from his hand into
small pieces, and drops them one by
one upon the floor. There is a bitter,
sarcastic smile upon his face as he
watches the couple, who fancy them.
■ ■■il.iiA       11 limill'l .1 'Vl'tlf      iLJlllll iillli   * LULVULl
flask-like forms, in clubs, in cudgels, in
e&nes; sausages smoked, dried, leeked,
fatted, lean, spiced, plain, mildewed,
decayed, greasy, moldy, red, gray,
mottled, broken, tottering with age, or
plump with youth.
And yet Ave feasted on them and the
thin wafer-like, mosaic-like surface of it
was delicate and zestful,
A FOWL PROCEEDING.
■otSttss—umxj Oaci v tiu /timet uu.o uuivuig.
Unnoticed by them he leaves his place
in the shadow and passes out into the
night.
All alone, with none to mark the conflict save the All-seeing one, does he
struggle with that heart-consuming love.
And, as the gray dawn comes slowly
creeping in at his window, he has conquered. But at what a cost! In this
battle what has he lost ? Confidence in
mankind, hopes of heaven and faith in
God.     *   - -    - "    "      -
And he has gained nothing.
The scene has closed. The past joins
to the present. The pictured faces
smile down upon me from the wall. I*
arouse myself from the dream, and am
again the harsh, cold man of the world.
And    -
I take up the burden of life again,
Saying sadiy, " It might have been."_
Habits of the Beaver.
I am well acquainted with the habits
of the Northern beaver. Several years
ago I bought up several hundred acres
of mining lands near the south shore of
Lake Superior, in Ontonagon county,
Mich. On Carp river, a small stream
that crossed a part of my lands, the
beavers had built several dams, and
formed extensive ponds, in which they
built their houses or-lodges, as the Indians call them. These lodges are built in
water several feet in depth, and the entrance is several feet under water, but
the floor of the lodge is built at least
two feet above high-water mark. The
floor is built solid from the bottom of
the pond, except the entrance.
Although the beaver is warmly clad
with long, fine fur, he is very sensitive
to the cold, and rarely, if ever, leaves
the pond or lodge during the cold weather. He lays in his winter supply of
food, which mainly consists of the bark
of a certain species of poplar. He cuts
down small trees and cuts them into
short pieces of one foot, or a little over,
in length, ahd takes them into the pond,
and fastens one end of these pieces securely in the mud at the^bottom of the
pond. These pieces of wood are dragged
up into the lodge as often as food is
needed, and the bark gnawed off; and,
after being denuded of the bark, they
are by no means thrown, away as useless,
but are taken under the ice, and carefully placed in the dam, to strengthen it.
They built one dam a little below the
foot of Carp lake, which raised the lake
thirty inches. The lake is a small one
—about one mile long and a fourth of a
mile wide^' I measured the stump of a
maple tree that they had cut down, and
it measured fourteen inches in diameter.
There were no less than eleven dams on
the stream, all in sight *of our buildings,
where we were mining for copper.
The beaver possesses great ■ engineering skill, always building his dams in
the form of an arch, the crown of the
arch being invariably up stream, giving
it strength to resist the pressure of the
water. The Indians used to tall me
many singular traits of charactar that
this animal possesses. They build their
dams and lodges of mud, sticks and
stones, compactly- and very strong. I
once saw an albino :beaver-skin. I
thought, and still think, that it was the
purest white I ever. saw.—21 Garliali,
in-Forest and. Stream.
IPitcIied BSattle IBetween a. Iiady and
an jBmura^ed. IBoostejr.
[From the Hartford Times.]
A lady of this city had really an interesting battle with a rooster.    She had
two flocks of about a dozen hens and
one rooster each, with a separate "rim"
for each squad, and the hen-house  is
partitioned through the middle, with a
window in the partition.   Almost every
day the lady visits the hennery, and usually stops to stroke the pet of the feathered  favorites.    Under   this treatment
the fowls have become quite tame, and
never before had she such, an experience
as we are about to relate.    The lady, as
she tells the story herself, had passed
through the first division of  the henhouse, and stopped to pet the fowls in
the other- half, and, while she was thus
engaged; she noticed the big old rooster
in the other domicile had taken a position where he could see the lady's operations through the partition window.   He
watched her with a jealous eye.    Directly the lady reached out to take in her
hands a hen, but it evaded her, and ran
off with a frightened scream.   At this
the looker-on in Vienna—the old rooster
—became     unduly     excited,     ruffled
his  feathers,  elongated his neck,  and
showed   he   was   as   "mad   as   mad
could be."   He looked as if he wanted
to tackle the lady, and, sure enough,
when she entered Ms room to pass out
he did make a most  determined  onslaught.     He  rushed   at   her,   fairiy
bristling with indignation, and savagely
struck at her with his spurs.    The lady,
rather pleased than otherwise, lifted a
foot to poke him away, and did give bim
a vigorous shove.    But he returned and
let fly his spur-mounted heels, and gave
the lady's No. 3 gaiter a lively crack,
leaving   quite   a    stinging   sensation.
And from this time out th"e lady and the
plucky old rooster had a regular pitched
battle.   She says that she rather enjoyed   the sport, but  before   she   got
through the fowl was so terribly in earnest it did not seem like fun, and she
determined to end up the fight by taking the old fellow bj the neck and holding him suspended in mid-air until the
fight was all taken out of him.    The
next fly he made at her she clutched
him and yanked him from his feet, but
he struck at her several times with his
spurs in rapid succession, and in a most
spiteful and ugly manner.   He got in
one blow on., the back of her hand and
wrist that left a mark throe inches long,
and she was glad to  drop  him.   But
now   -her   woman    dander   was   up,
and-   she   was    bound    to    conquer.
She   turned    on    him    and    kicked
at    hiiil
men  '.xt
around the Httle house," he fighting gallantly as he retreated. He would fly at
her, catch her by her dress with his bill,
and crack would go the spurs with as
much vigor as if he had a feHow-rooster's
head in chancery. Again and again the
lady grasped him by the neck, choking,
twisting and shaking him, but he would
compel her to let go by the rapid thumps
of his tough, hard old spurs. After the
fight had lasted fully ten minutes, the
lady thought, as there could not be much
honor in conquering a rooster, and,
ratfier admiring his pluck, she thought
she would withdraw and let him enjoy
his crow of victory. But as she turned
to go the onslaughts oVthe plucky fellow
were fiercer, and she was compelled to
retreat backward, and kept her feet employed in trying to keep him at bay.
"When she turned to open the exit door
the rooster, as a parting salute, flew up
at her waist high and gave her belt a
crack. It was a fowl blow, but the lady
did not stop to claim the victory on that
account. She hurriedly closed the door,
and the determined fellow actually gave
the door a cHp, and looked disgusted because the lady had got out of his_ reach.
THE SUPERTISORS' J5ILL.
Bologna.
Bo-logh-ya is a walled city in Italy,
yet it invented sausages, Bologna has
no hogs, yet the shops reek with the
odors of leeks and garlic. Cako may
have forty-nine smells, but how many-
has Bologna ? There aro nineteen kinds
of cheese (that are good), and each with
_ smell—oh, what a smell! Thero are
the shops of cooked vegetables where
,to for a soldi,
■m, all these
OTosre Kiilllfficatioji Ity Hie BJcniocrals.
The Senate of the United States, after
an animated debate, has passed the bill
introduced by that innocent lamb from
DelaWai'ej the guileless Bayai'dj having
for its object the repeal by indirection of
the Federal Election law. It defines
the terms of the Chief Supervisors of
Election, and its principal object will be
to oust the energetic squelcher of Democratic attempts at election frauds in
New York city—" Johnny " Davenport,
the    United    States     Supervisor    of
Elections at New York. The
tomahawk that is intended to
give _Mr. Davenport his quietus is
contained in tlie following proviso:
"That no person now holding or who
has held the office of Chief Supervisor
of Elections shall be reappointed." The
discussion of the use of tissue ballots in
South Carolina proved very enlivening
for a time, and the BepubHcans were
accused of "flaunting the bloody shirt
and digging up a miserable old report
on Southern outrages." The Chicago
Evening Journal, commenting upon
this act of virtual nullification by the
Bourbons, says: .
"'IProm one point of view the original
bill merely provided that the Chief Supervisors of Election, now appointed by
the United States courts for an indefinite period of time, should be appointed
by the President, 'by and with the consent of the Senate,'for a period of two
years. Mx. Bayard, in his usual
childlike and bland way, explained
that the object was not to affect the power of these officers in
any way, but to provide for the regulation of the tenure of their office, in itself
certainly a harmless if not a commendable mode of procedure. But the debate disclosed the difference between
paws and claws, and that the one object
aimed at was, in general, to prevent
such officers from interfering with Democratic frauds at the polls, and more particularly to legislate John S. Davenport,
of New York city, out of office, an official who may_ stand seriously in the way
of the repetition of the gigantic frauds
which were perpetrated in 1868, and
upon a repetition of which in 1880 the
Democracy rely for overcoming the
natural and lawful BepubHean majority
in the Empire State. But a clause which
was kept back from the bill as introduced was grafted on, at the suggestion
of Senator Thurman, as an amendment,
to the effect that the President must
not reappoint present incumbents. The
blunt Voorhees frankly avowed that the
amendment was aimed at 'John Davenport and similar pirate^ in office.'
The other Democratic speakers- did not
conceal the fact that they would really
like to repeal the whole Election law,
and that, unable to do that, they proposed to weaken it all they could. If they
could get this Bayard-Thurman bill
passed and signed (for all the difficulty
post; oni Cwelvefeet by four inches to
cover all <p of gate; two four feet and
four incl: .j by six inches for hinge-post;
five sam< ngth by f oltr inches £Oi latch-
post anf
makes tl)
eight, Bd
carding I,
gate, anc
strong hj
rights ai
well'boltj, \,
^hree" vertical braces. He
' paces, countingfrom the top,
^Ui six and.five inches, dis-
,y;hinge.projetiting a*bo¥e the
hiding all well together by a
;e at the top, around the up-
the end of the hinge being
SHAM. XJITED   STATES   COURTS
'r   ;BE ffiOBEPt    *
Zsin the .Chicago. 9M)uae, J
Sa the Democratic patty hftg
,  mplete pogsessitttt of both
agresj its leaflets have -pso*
■¥r
Evei? k>
been in*
houses of
ceeded ^
ment in ?y
party m. w^iiSiiy, vi&-,z!a=jQi
purpose 4; )m to subserve a class of men
who are inking to control the distribution of tsses as spoils among their retainers. |
The pr|j$ient Congress has been in session altis^ther" about ten months, and
^during wjjk time it has not matured a
single nt|-&ure for the promotion of pub-
He internists. Worse than this, it has
actually §aled to provide for the proper
support ^f such working departments oi
the Goye^oment as He outside the scope
of poHtaefll machinery, and this in spite
of the enormous surplus revenue which
is accumulating by reason of the reduction in tlili interest charge and the maintenance ofthe high tariff duties.
The painocratic party leaders set out
to repesfithe Election laws, or to so
cripple t^eitt as to render them inoperative, in o|(|er that the buHdozers at the
Sowth a3i|i;.the roughs of the" Northern
cities mi^ht have full swing at the approaching. Presidential election.' This"
unworth;g\and dishonest party purpose'
has beeijs'fkept steadfastly in view ever
since it-^is. adopted as a policy;. The^
Democrat of the last Congress refused
to pass.|fi[ij requisite appropriations- for,
the judidM service of the Government
because t|iey could not cany out their
nullificatiBa. project. The President
called {inljfextra, session of the present
CoDgress& order to perform the work
which tfa# old Congress had deHberately
neglected^ At the extra session there
was a plpsistent, but futile, effort to
coerce t|e President into an approval*
of the prp|)osed nullification, and, when '
that attempt failed, an adjoiraunent was
taken without appropriating the pay for
the executive branch of the United States
judicial system. The perversity of- the
Democrats poHcy wasemphptically condemned I^^peoplein'tiieelegtions of
1879, whM, the "work of the.extra session
was in isSJQ, -The Democrats-were defeated -^rywh'ere. Notwithstanding
this poiuMliebitke, the Democrats/re-
newed thpc efforts at nullification 'St-the-'
regularVipsign. 1 Theyv delavect' foi-.
mongjsF^S
iftys«i©£
you buy a boiled hot potato :
or a hall-kilo for fix*: oi ther
An Unexpected Response.
Preachers in the frontier settlements
have had often-ludicrous experiences.
They must hold the attention of a congregation in spite of crying babies, and
keep their own gravity in circumstances
both awkward and' ridiculous. Occasionally the strain is too great, and they
surrender to the situation. An eloquent
Episcopal clergyman was ignominiously
driven from the pulpit by a donkey.
He was a favorite preacher with the
frontier families, for he depended Httle
on a manuscript, and used familiar
phrases and illustrations which interested them in his sermons. In enforcing the lesson of a sermon, he was earnest and practical, and made direct appeals to Ms hearers.
On one occasion, during the summer,
he was preaching in a crowded school-
house. The windows were open, and
cattle were browsing on the shady side.
Among them was a donkey, which,
having drawn one of the families to
the meeting, had been turned loose to
browse. The preacher was ending his
sermon with, "And now, beloved, what
think ye of these things ?"
At this juncture the donkey put his
head through the open window and gave
a most unearthly bray. The preacher's
self-possession wavered, and hands and
handkerchief went up to the faces of
the congregation.
The silence grew oppressive; but the
preacher managed to add, "I say, my
brethren, what think you of these
things ? " to which the donkey responded by a second hideous bray. It was
too much for preacher and hearer. In
a minute the sermon was ended, the
congregation dismissed, and the people
gathered'frin groups outside, convulsed
witfr laughter.
Air the Bedding.
The desire of an energetic housekeeper to have her work completed at
an early hour in tho morning - often
causes her to leave one of the most important items of neatness undone. The
most effectual purifying of beds and
bedclothes cannot take place if a seasonable time is not allowed for, the
free circulation of pure air .to remove
all impurities wjfich have collected during ihe hours of slumber. At least
two or three hours should be allowed
for the complete removal of atoms of
insensible perspiration whieh are absorbed by the bed. Every day this air-
ing'fghould be done,"snd occasionally
beddfljg constantly used should be earried into-the open air, and, when practicable, left exposed to tho sun and wind
Senate, being Democratic, would confirm the appointment of no Chief Supervisor not known to be opposed to the
enforcement of the Election law, and
under such Supervisor the law, hard to
enforce at best, would be a dead letter.
" We do not beHeve the President will
hesitate as regards his duty, in case this
biU reaches him, as of course it will.
He is a bold man, firm and unwavering
in the use of his veto power when duty
demands it. He has been a steadfast
friend of the Election law thus far, and
he wfll remain so to the end of his term
of office. There is no reason to fear on
that score.
" The measure is eminently characteristic of the pussy-cat stripe of Democracy, of which the Senator from the
Blue Hen State is a distinguished representative. Plausible and sly, it purports
to be one thing and is another. Sheathed
within the velvet paw are ugly claws.
"What seems to be a harmless cluster of
willow buds, gentle to the touch and
noiseless to the tread, are the weapons
of a 'regular tearer.'
"The'debate took a wide range and
was largely occupied in banter and
what boys caU 'twitting.' The Democrats were taunted with their cowardice
in parliamentary discussion. During
this session King Caucus has ruled the
Democracy in Congress with a rod of
iron, and the edict was that no amount
of provocation should incite the Democrats to any such ' talking right ont in
meeting' as cuaracterized the extra session.. Thoroughly frightened by the
elections of last fall, the claquers have
kept remarkably stiU. Even Blackburn, of Kentucky, has bridled his
tongue. But enough has been said to
show that the revolutionary threats of
the extra session fairly represent the
real abiding and aggressive sentiment of
the Democratic party to-day. Just now
the BepubHcans are having a Httle
'tiff' among themselves, but the Democrats need not flatter themselves with
hopes of victory next fall on that
ground. Their only reasonable hope is
in fraud and bulldozing at the polls."
School-boys and. Headaches.
Prof. Treiehler has deHveredii lecture
before the German Association of Naturalists and Physicians which contains a
fact of some interest to teachers.   He
says that headache in schools decidedly
increases, until in some schools,  and
notably in Nuremberg, one-third of the
scholars   suffer from it.     He beHeves
that the cause is over intellectual exertion, caused partly by the adoption of
too man? subjects, but principaHy by
the  tendency to  demand night-work.
The brain is then freshly taxed when its
ceHs are exhausted.   We begin to hear
the same complaint in England! especially  from  London  schools, and are
tempted to beHeve that in some of them
an imperceptible but  steady increase
in the amount of night-work demanded
has been going on, which is passing a
safe limit.   It does not hurt the quick,
and it does not hurt the stupid, but it
does hurt the boys and girls who want
to fulfill  all demands,  and have not
quite the quickness to do it.   The usual
quantity of Latin, for example, to be
learned at  night  has within the last
thirty years more than' doubled, while
the pressure from parents  upon  the
children to learn it all has increased in
nearly the same proportion.    The increased crowding of  schools  explains
much, biit it does not explain this headache, which is not sixffered by the boys
in proportion to their ill-health.—2he
Spectators	
Farm Gates.
Hon. George Geddes,  gives, in the
Country    Gentlemen,    tho    foHowing
method of mailing what he considers the
best farm gate; Take two boards twelve
1*^      -H. „ V.      ~V«- .. -L LLL\tJU.I^^?5gKM3Xr^S}J>itry~-\JI.->VlA.\J     UAllLCU-W^O'Kffl
hh^Sfi^^ast- Mar'sMs,' and then passed the bill with
a poHtical rider which was sure to call
out an Executive veto, as it did. And
there the case stands to-day.
During the year in which no suppHes
have been furnished the United States
Marshals have shown a patriotism which
would not have been expected from
them if they had been Democratic, officeholders. They have, performed-the
services required of them without any
compensation, and without any assurance that they would ever receive pay
which depended on the vote of a Democratic Congress. - They have also made
personal advances for the necessary expenses of holding court. But the limit
of patience, and in many cases
of the individual resources of the
Marshals, has been reached. Mr. J. W.
Chapman, the United States Marshal for
Iowa, has notified the Attorney General
that, after serving several months
without pay and .advancing something
Hke $10,000 /for the pay of other court
officers and "necessary expenses, his resources are exhausted. The Attorney
General is helpless. He can only thank
Marshal Chapman for his past devotion
to the pubHc service, and repeat that he
himself has over and over again directed
the attention of Congress to the injustice
of withholding the necessary supplies
and the injury that would unquestionably be done to pubHc interests. The
Umted States Court in Iowa must be
closed with a full and important docket
of Htigation that demands settlement.
What has occurred in Iowa will soon
occur in other sections of the country.
The United States courts will of necessity close unless Congress directs tlie
payment of their officers, and the pubHc
who pay so dearly for the support of
Governnfent will suffer losses amounting
to millions of dollars by the inexcusable
delay in Htigation. This would be bad
enough if it were the unavoidable result
of an insufficient revenue, but it is infamous when the United States treasury-
is overrunning with monej^, and when it
is brought about to assist in the perpetration of a partisan wrong. It may be
that the tnullifiers will be brought to
their seizes by- the actual immi-
nenee d? the necessity* for adjourning' the.Jjnited States courts, and
wfll now seek to make a tardy atonement for the wrong and injury they
have put upon the pubHc. Even if they
shall do this now, because they dare not
longer fly in the face of pubHc indignation, the people will not forget that justice in the courts, which is certainly the
first claim the citizen has upon Government, has been retarded and in part denied in order that the Democratic majority might urge the nullification of
laws for the protection of honest elections. That was from the first, and. is
now, the only pretext for withholding
tiie necessary authority to pay the
United States Marshals and keep open
the United" States courts. Never before was so outrageous a scheme attempted through such inexcusable
methods by any poHtical party.
MUTILATED 'CURRENCY.
IHfow tUmde Sana Kedeeins Efr—Somie
JTratcresfing* and AsMMsiKig- Cases.
"WheneVei* aliy 6hdj thtotigh the accidents or carelessness of mankind, oi' Ms
wife, or his cow, or hog, or in any other
way, comes into possession of mutilated
currency he fiends it tothe Treasurer of
the United States for fedeffipticm; He
also.usufdly teUs the story of his wrongs
or his misfortunes to excite the official's
sympathy and to get good bills in return. This engenders a sort of Htera-
ture, which, if collected, would make an
interesting and curious Volume. Before giving a few notes from it, it will be
told how this Bdft of tattei'ed and tg*n
currency is 1'edfeeittetL It goes to the
Eedemptidn Bureau of the tl'eafetuy, and
intense it is a legal-tender ittite Wl the
rnwibar^ n-iil- drtPotDinsition;are distin-
furnished that the other portion - v,*ill
n'everhe presented, a new note is issued
to the owner -of the fragments. If a national-bank note, the name of the bank
must stfll cling to it, and the same evidence as to -the other poi'tion? be furnished. Satisfactory .evidence- consists
of affidavits as to.hotythe jnqriey.becaine
so dilapidated, and the indorsements by
responsible persons as to the honest intents of tlie claimant for redemption.
Eor, of course, fraudulent attempts are
frequently made on this bureau. Quite
often 'a woe-begone piece of note will be
sent in, and, upon applying the crucial
test, will turn out * to be part of a counterfeit ; sometimes, too, the fragments-
are "manufactured'.' to make up a good
case. In these instances the sender
gets a reply more pointed than poHte.
But generally there is little trouble, and
the fifty men and women employed in
this division can see through the case
remarkably quick, and the claimant gets
his just deserts at once. The pieces o
notes which pass muster* are -ground to
a pulp, dried, and sold to paper-makers.
Tlie amount redeemed averages nearlv
$1,500,000 a month.
One of the most remarkable cases
that has ever come before the Bedemp-
tion Bureau is that of a Nebraska backwoodsman, a camp fire and $100, By
abcident he dropped his pocketbook
containing the money into the fire; it
was very hot, and beforehe could get it
out the book had shriveled up to a hard
ball, round and compact. He did not
cpeh it, but sent it on with a statement
of the facts. The ball was cracked just
asa walnut would be, and revealed the
contents in $10 and $20 bills intact and
undamaged, and the backwoodsman got
his $100 back again. Another case was
that of an Illinois farmer who had a distrust for banks. A short time ago he
had several thousand doUars (no unusual
thing among Illinois farmers) which he
earned in his coat pocket and hung the
coat on a chair near the fire. In the
night his wife smelt " something burning," and jumped up to find his coat
burned and his money a charred mass.,
EoEtumttely there : was enough dis-
-jE&ai? ^.^yi' ^pS^jjka^iti^&-'-j'^^^^^>^H^^'-i^*^
ronize the banks.
The charred money from the great
Chicago fire was sent to this bureau for
redemption. Banks keep their money
in packages unfolded, and most of the
Chicago banks lost the notes they had
on hand. In some instances, replacing
was impossible, but in others the thin
layers of notes, the division between
which was hardly perceptible, were neatly separated, and the numbers and denominations picked out of the black and
feathery framework of what was once a
note. In this way $126,000 out of $165,-
000 was identified, and new notes issued
to the banks for that amount.
An Ohio farmer lost $160 by plowing
it under in his field. The next season
he turned it up, and, though almost decomposed, it was, upon appHcation,
found redeemable. Cases Hke this are
numerous. Also instances where dogs,
horses, cows and other animals have
digested and partly or whoHy 'destroyed Uncle Sam's promises to pay.
One man sends forward the portion of a
$10 biU, and says he has watched the
dog vigilantly for the remainder of it,
but not successfully. He got a new
note.
A sad case is that of a poor old lady
in Philadelphia. She was saving money
to secure admission to a charitable institution. She had accumulated $65,
and concealed it in a cupboard. It disappeared. She was certain it had been
stolen, but some of the neighbors suggested mice, and after a close search under
the floor the fragments of her $65 were
found in a rat's nest. She gathered ilp
the Htter and sent it to the treasury, but
the rats had done their work too weU,
and onlv $8 out of the whole sum could
be identified. So the old lady lost $57
by rats.
An amusing correspondence is car
ried on with a Georgia lawyer, who refuses to be convinced. A cHent had
$265 burned up, and reliable witnesses
to prove its destruction. Ho was informed that nothing could be redeemed
in nothing only, despite the fact that
there had once been something. The
lawyer repHed that the Government
was thereby an unlawful gainer. He
quotes law, moral and statutory, and
spins out long arguments, but has at
length found a match for his wit. His
arguments are of no avail; nothing
stfll remains nothing in spite of argument. S.
Mutilated coins are never redeemed.
This is Httle understood and many are
sent in. These "^re always returned.
AH the owners can do is to melt them up
and seH them as so much bunion.
MuSsiitmSiis beliefe fat jae €c3,
employ tiie infe^dessia&pE L'Jaos.'?^?
represented by imaged*, , iirsy c "
casionally canonize great ii::**v "
they have lost by death. I .*;:-:
iisiiHliy monogamous, 'oppcr-.'".
vorce, and steiefc tlefenc'ters oC i - ^
tity of then* unmaiTieil gC'.-, ;i
latter have blue/ .gray oi' hr.Lil ■•
blaek hair is the exception amo
and, mWm. young, they, are o£ sucn remarkable; comeiiiie&3 m is Bo ."3 ^tzi
demand in the slave majkeh ''? ^'^t-r.at;
countries. Authentic thrrz,":.ivJ-:.oii Concerning these* interesting rurvEi etsiaou
but be anxiously awark**2 "uj T-Uvho
realise the nature of tho c«r.c°uiaaa ::u- i
volved.—■London t?*^. \
fa	
7\
.;£? 'iiiiSC
sir:
curious asjj :"•:
p—.
L.
1-
it Cii i-x .-'.'
SurMHfeJ  A*Sr»
1 -.      v^ JLtil ..
clO^'Of   HOB   pl%il.   !■■-     _.'-        :* -      --"
"IPukes:"'"'"I,cam<;ia _ri^:-3 ■£?. .. ... :
year A. D. 1833, "am! li^u-c curiosity te j
know why-the people -ot IBj.uqis "weze j, ._    r- „ ^    ,
CaUed Suckers ahd "thoao ol l&z&rm Z^l"--> f --—'2 "••'-— -
fPukes. ThefirstiatelllncHTas a lcdy,"j ae5_-'- j _•
who had lived in S*k Loiiis severe" ye,ir,i j A.:"** r ''-'-----"'^
previous, during a summer of {rival; dis- i T<t4'Z frfi^-Z :3 r0- '<
tress on account of'sickness. Ail ths i t"~;&ii bj. .1 sto:xi,_/
help (succor) they got came f mm. I»K::ri!a: [ xcotc-e*> iier bade* u-
About 10 o'clock a. m., they ftoslli ;c-e}iha$its:^oiTxc:«a«.
one or two wagons windiHg t!l6lr w-'-y to} - tisimi ner/. p* Tt
town,'when their'detidwoxfld-ye lytuyn*' " " "~
and the sick attended to \ thiB.thc-y received daily-subeqr. The old {iaclyiy
then (as they do ".now).gave an emct'.c
for the first thin**', followed vviith^itlor
mel, and the Pukes had* to be aiteafial
to, thus the sobriquet Succors and Pukes
as appHed, respectively" . . '_.'..
'The Sun-Made of _______—In & recent article in the Nineteenth {Jenhiry,
by Mr. J. Norman Iiockyer, the-tditer
very strongly objects to Di\ Draper's
discovery of oxygen in tlio sun, -"j&s-.
Lockyer says he has gone -carefully Qvpir
the whole ground and finds*: iTirst, that
the photograph on wliich Dl\' Dfilpsr
bases the discovery is not tine competent
to settle such an important question;
second, that he does.not .find the coincidence between bright solar lines and
oxygen Hues in the part of the spectrum*
with which* he is most familiar; £ndj
third, that, comparing Dr. Draper's plip-
r-'.L-  r * .
■..a^ y-
siiiiee Jfixi. lj and v'r* r*'"- ;*" 3 ,"■.
-appfieDiioiisiUi^*;1:.--,, 'Z. x
ZoneCi sire ..~. l.~--:::Zi, \).*.
?.u,t7^crit-es hav.* eo:ichjd?&'-
i^i{;-;:;r':e e:ic:'-Bij)rssr"
•t ;»"■'<
ilo;
3.0b hiitleCo
diofos ii5n£z!tp£.
01. fci,r:w
* 'f -,- ,
v.1-    ..£?
found a large .b.,«* f-'-
(juaHty on his irv.3,
toi.mt'it up ia V-'icrr..
fttV*
tograph with the fine  photograph oi
por/iifi?,,
ireiilizes
■piaster.
irud
WUl   Ft:
v/hieh
rvB>;
Thinking ou One's Legs.
We agree with others that general condemnation of manuscript sermons is too
sweeping. But we also think the statement that "very few men can think well
on their legs" needs qunHfication. It is
true that too few think that they can,
but many of the doubters are probably
mistaken. Until recently the editor of
this paper reckoned himself among those
who could not extemporize. Mve years
ago he resolved to return to his earlier
mode of extempore preaching, and he
has found it very easy to follow.a line of
thought previously arranged. Many who
doubt that- they cau think on their legs
have never faithfufly tried to form th<*
habit.—Keut York Methodist.
Interesting Races.*,
It is stated that Maj. Biddulph, stationed on the Cashmere boundary, has
prepared a report upon the custonis,
languages and folklore of the singular
communities among whom he has been
residing for a long time. Prom Maj.
Biddulph's peculiar advantages and opportunities may be expected, says the
Calcutta Pioneer, a complete account of
people who are a survival of the old
Aryans, from whom aU civilized mankind of the present day is probably descended. Surgeon Major'BeHew, meanwhile, hasbeen examining a few men from
the cantons on the southwest of Dardis-
tan, peopled by a similar race, who in
one respect are still more interesting,
for then: country has never yet been visited by a civflized traveler. But in appearance and language they closely resemble the DardSj and, unlike, them,
have hot embraced the ci'eed of their
Mohammedan neighbors. The tongues
spoken in -all these hills are, for the
most part, Aryan 'A not descended
from Sanskrit, and, indeed, of earlier
origin than that classical language. On
the northern slopes of the mountain
Parsee words pl-cvail; in the southern
the spectrum obtained by Mi*. Kuther
ford, he "fails to find anj true bright
line in the sun whatever coincident with
any Hue of oxygen whatever." Mr.
Lockyer sums up tlie evidence as to ihg
sun's composition* in these words? 44So
far as oiu* uncontested knowledge goes,
the sun is chiefly made of metal, and on
this account is strangely different from
the crust of our earth] in which the
metals are in large minority."
Cubic Capacity 03? the Sktji/I/.—Of
aU the measurements by_ which the
difference can be determined between
the human skulls of- one raoe and an-
otheiythfe most important is now believed, to be that which gives^the cubic
■6^aBJfeyHsEi^^aBafcm*ri^j^.'Qii&- skull
tmsBasis, s^eafctgj^joari^^w^^^j^^'
have been maaeTAmong'other-fa!
oertainedis that relating to a race 05
long, flat-headed  people on the *we*5i
coast of Africa, who exhibit the largest
average capacity of any human head yet
examined.   The. Laplanders an<l Esquimaux, though a very small people," have
very large skulls, the latter giving an
average  measurement of  1,546.    -The
lower grades of English skulls  show a
size or capacity of 1,542; the inhabitants of the Canary islands, 1,498; the
Japanese,  1,486 j  the Chinese,  1,424;
the Italians, 1,475; the ancient Egyptians, 1,464; the true Polynesians,. 1,454;
negroes of  various kinds, 1,877;  the
Kaffirs, 1,348; Hindoco,   1,306.   - The
AustraHan aborigines -give one of the.
smallest averages—namely,  1,283; and'
theAndamanese,aveiy.diminutivepeople,
show only 1,220. A comparison between
the skulls of sixty-three men of various
races, and of twenty-four women, showed
the ratio of the woman's skull to the
man's to be as 854 to 1,000.
Goop a*np Bap "News.—Bad news
weakens the action of the heart, oppresses the lungs, destroys the appetite*
stops the digestion, -and partially suspends all the functions oE the system.
An emotion of shame flushes the faoG;
fear blanches, joy iUumihates it; and an
instant thrill electrifies a million nerves.
Surprise spurs the pulse into a gallop.
Delirium infuses great energy. YoH-
tion commands, and hundreds ot muscles
spring to excite. Powerful emotions
often kill the body at a "stroke. Chile,
Liagoras, and Sophocles died of joy at.
the Grecian games. The news of defeat
killed Philip Y. One .of the Popes died
of an emotion of the ' ludicrous on seeing his pet monkey robed in pontificals,
occupying the chair of . state. Muley
Muloch was carried upon the field of
battle in the first stages of an incurable
disease; upon seeing his army give way,
he rallied his panic-stripken troops, rolled
back the tide of battle, shouted victory,
and died. The Doorkeeper of Congress
expired on hearing bf the .surrender bf
CornwalHs. Eminent public speakers
have often died inthe -midst of an impassioned burst of eloquence, or when*
the dijep emotion that produced it has
suddenly subsided.- Lagrave, .the young
Parisian, died when he heard that the
musical prize for which he "had competed was adjudged to another.   -
Fair Play Is a Jewel.
Our readers are, doubtless, famiHar
with the anecdote which teUs of the
heroic self-denial of Sir Philip Sidney,
as he lay bleeding on the-field of Zut-
phen. His attendants had procured a"
bottle of wine. Just as the bleeding
knight was tasting it, he saw a wounded
soldier carried by who .cast a longing
00k on the wine. ■ "My poor fellow I
Ithy necessity is greater than mine,' said
Sidney, as he ordered the-bottle to be
given him..' =. .    *
Brave men have not infrequently exhibited a similar self-denying spirit.
The late Admiral Earragut records in
his journal one such display. It occurred in one of the naval battles of the
of 1812, when the .Essex was sfc
Sors ^oeml'SK of
brought* in from, tKb"wcu:
thought "-'ta a. "pi-city- -*Li_'
outiafthe fcsst V--*"*-•' ,"^
Yaht?giii pjyrr if*., ,_i' r >;^t ji
claimed ihai r^as- jjoii-oa i
she was" alrocrly vqxs02.eC-
looking on it.. SaseTenoash,
ivy poison -appaasod • ©ii
days,* thoughthe v£ae hc-y I'cc
uprootsd-and destroyed..
Since February Grand Ulnsfor EeM*^
has had plenty of business as -ths _ ?
ofthe oraer of Odd 3?ello-s fn fteV: .1
He has instituted 3hei"3i«::i Zocige, Z.
§36, at Shemlt3,""W?::2Civ"1iotiri'j : ';:
JV   U   !.••_
J'" -.-
ins ii^Zii
;c:.i -zli-izc
mend Lake,. I*To.. 337.; rf*
Cass eounty; JT'ennvillp.
Eennville, ""Allegan    coais'r*
Bl'aneh, No. 339, at Ebrth
peer county; ^Teesaw, \5Ts),
Comers, Berrien "coiuity
k-cps
v*,ri
iZ'J'
no  f
eisHS= £22 jf'ulo, Ic2i>erw^r.
£:-"-</- .
The report of SsteticI 71. 7.1 )w, t>3
-Oommissionei' of ZJasuraaee ~'^ p~>
State of EGcliisavi, ju&s hiU^.% L-s^Crtz
the following: - * -
The aumbt..' of flre osdrr^ . e: :rr:Z
nit's noT*'authorized' in23chic..:n -'■ Ji>
&iiows:
vTichigiA steckcirBmzpfcs   •»   ^
ruiehigani&Btuclciaiii'.-ir.iea •- — "*--*;
Companlesof othpSlzias..,.., .,......,.-- _
C2iiauiaacon:pi2ic-3,..» »»•■• "'•    -.'
Ccnipaiiie3 of Xor<?5^n jjov srim-. ^.j ..,.,... * •'
Total.,,., 1 • J'."*"4  '
.".This makes an iapretvi of tmrt-cn
over last year, and tlio Largest uuiabc-r
eyer authorized at any ana time in' tars
Stated * *
, '.The  general condiiioa of  th3  companies,-although entirely solytai .inn
sound, does not give inclination ihut mo -
business of fire underwriting in 3.&7,9 ra-
ceiyed that impetus of . renewed  pros-
pari.W which so generally seemed to aa-
vance'ihe interests'and profits of aoa4j
every "other commercial -interest ai <&&
country   The year -1879/ while promis-.
ibg greater activity to.aU the pursuits of .
-industry and commerce, <did not actusli^
result in any increase of profits,-or b£$©r,
rates to underwriters. k -".   -        '-,/?" »
This maybe seen sn tba fart tnaP.oi ^
104 companies of other States, fortf-*';
eight.exceeded thei*. i^onxe, by the*,
expenditures, ^m  the. sum of ^M*^.* '
332.73.'- % -'*-.'
Of the-eighteen of tho.foreign companies,'two exeseded-in eaqpemhte*
then- income in the sum of §3&,{rt}Ada
as relating*© the "business-jn thfi IlmiKi
States. -. .-"-.-,»
■ Tliis excess of expenditures ov^aji
come, m most cases, was the' refcul* o-
paying dividends. _
Tlie entire oupital -stock represented
'bythe companies embraced in thig^report amounts to §45,487,200; surplns'ss- *
regards poHcy holders, ^78,901,^-; a^d
the sm-plus over capiialsiid ali othlir- Ha- '
abilities aggregates $82,607,013. ;- . ^ *
But two companies show an, impaair
-ment of capital, aggregating $58,313. '   .
The following is the gi^d^&ggs^jg ■
of Michigan firerinsnran<*
1879:    -"   •     "    *-     *'*;' "
.I      K1SKS -WTSEDIEK.,,
Eire.	
Inland...
Xofc&.
Ere	
Inland,..
TotsL.;
Tire.*.."..
Inland...
Total..
JTire.*..-,
Inland...
,«a!S^CU,86«6S*.,
Al&yaHt.
PBEMItralS RECEIVED,
■ 10SSES 1»AII>.
LOSSES JKCUEJEBD.
...?(?,m®£
.,£*^,issiS',
• ■*&&"»&
■*.*■
*.
war
tacked by two British ships of wur
Lieut. Coweli, of 'the Essex, being
badly wounded, in tlie "leg, was carried
into the cockpit, where the surgeons had
their hands fuU. Seeing him, one of the
doctors dropped another patient and proposed to amputate the leg forthwith.   .
".No, doctor, none of that," answered
the gallant officer; " fair play is a jewel.
One man's lief^s as dear as pnothea?. I
won't cheat any poor fellow out of Ms
turn."
*When liis turn came, an hour or im>
after, it was too late. Thejunputation
was perfonne<l,;but the patient was too
vreak to survive it
A vrvrrsft msn-Miad  nirtn itfrvwincr. his
Total ..—v •"-■■"•
In order to arrive m <av
the average profits" .to $&
33i wer cent, of the premiSBqa,'
pensis and taxesr should be added toj^-.
losses pjai'l /       ""
On this basis 55.4 per am%.~
taxesjf leaving ll.3-.pfiE- 0®
premiums as th-s T*mpag&
of ihe tteeade.   Tki& if&ffl*
age, and'in-cltHles ifete ■_,
both fire and m&rine busiagi
inerous coanpanitjs that iiava
period transacted bmiiu-ss'
The amount of prendtnfts
ihe Jisjand inland <K)nipaai!sa
in thk State, on which tax ha
creel into the iroasurjf for-lh*   ,
period of 1871 to 1688 is nasad*^
large fis tho utuu asspqtf
years' period -of WBL jfc 1-
elusive!   OlwSgtoii.
■ estimate caa 1» J#«&
of the amouB&el risk*