1880-07-09; Clare County Press

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FA UK ISTO cov.
Her Chech's a semtiy in nilvoni'o,
A moon that maliei tlio darKness day ;
Her stature is Men any limi-c,
Ami lite a waving reed doth sway.
Hi1!' i'Jth aro evor wido awalie,
Tliuiii.'li dreamy un n fawn's tn ice.
Thn union Is bliii'ti'il Mr Her nwivt salrr;
The lH'uncli in iltwiplng nu the live.
Thi> fawn before li.-r Mi's fur slmnio
Timnnl th" divert, far mid wide;
Ni> prvr him (ihe, und none i"iu elaim
To In- ri'ijaiiU'd byhev ride,
The fawn that in tlie uliido doth iilroy —
Tin' idol of the fane tn rtie 1
Thon who iliilut bid we hope, I pray
That I inuy ne'e* despair uf thee 1
To mo, tli.m art po coy and cold;
To etliern, e\ev Itiml and near.
Onr .iiivrel Iihe the wars of old,
Dulli llnncr on from ji av to year.
Ait 1 that is why tby young elieel: rIowh
With .vender ruddy hue ho fair,
Ar tlvui'li it were adlHtuut rose
Thou tallest for a veil in wear.
JEN. GARFIELD.
—— -' y
09X35TV
His Own Answer to His Political Traducers
VOLUME III,
CLARE, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY,  JULY 9, 1S80
NUMBER 10.
In a Speeoh Delivered at Warren, Ohio, in 1874.
All the Charges Against His Career
Met and Settled.
Solid Fncts  Which  Xo  One  Can Go
Uclitiid to Disprove.
Below is thc great1!- portion of (ho famous
speech of Gen. James A. Garfield, delivered at
Warren, Sept. 10, 1H71, iu whieh hu fully met
and answered all ihe charges that have over
W>on made a^ain-i liim, nml considered all tho
«iticwtis that were at that timo offered hy hiE
cni niies uiioii his ullicial career.
Tlie speech in full in a powerful campaign
dot-jiuviit, .1111 hliiniM lit print d an hiich and
circulat- d anMiig those wim di hire honestly te
investigate (itii. (iartield'K official careir. He
hv. iiTanimd ulent on n» great une^tion that
linn CO!"..- l.i-f.ri- the people f„r the past twtnty
years. Ik- h.is never I evn mi tho wrong Bide,
but has ever rai-cil his voiei-, unt on the side
that the Miptrliefcil cI.k.ivit I'liui.deri d right,
Iml he hns invmiaHy been viii.lie.ited bythe
verdict ol time.
■mi: srF.prn,
Held hedged nod denied any knowlodgo of
tho Credit Mobilier business until llnally
the investigation brought it out. I repoat
Unit immediately on my arrival in Washington
I made n statement to the correspondent of
the Cincinnati Oaietle, ot wliich tho following
is a copy: °
„   „ Wasiiinotow, Sept IB, 1872.
Ami. Garflold, who haa Just arrived hero from lhe
Indian country, has to-day had the Ilrst opportunity
of seeing the charges (minccting tils name with receiving shares of the Credit Mobilier from Oakvs
Ames. lie authorizes tho statement thnt ho never
subscribed tor a share of tbe stoek, nnd that he never
received or saw a share or it. When tim coiiiiiniiv
waBflrat formed, George Francis Train, then active
In it, came to Washington and exhibited a list uf sub-
Bcrilwrs, of lending capitalists and some member)
of (Viigross, to tho stoek of the company. The
Biib'crtptlnn was described as a popular one of Jl.uflll
cash. Train urged Gen. Garile'd to miliserilie on
two occasions, nnd each time ho declined. Subsequently he was again informed that tlio list was
nearly completed, but that a chance remained for
hlm to subscribe, which he nualn declined, nnd to
this day he has not subscribed for or received any
share of stoelt or bond of tho ci inpaiiy,
Now, I want my audience to undcrfitnnd that
in tho midst of tliat storm, and tempest, and
accusation, and only a littlo whilo before tlio
election, I stated it, and let it go broadcast to
the daily pi-ess, that I did knowsoniothiiig about
the Credit Mobilier; that I had been invited to
subscribe to it; that I had on two occasions discussed the matter; tliat I had taken it into consideration, aud that finally I had declined to
subscribe; that I never had owned or held a
share; hud never seen a cei tilleate of the stock.
Now.Inm not eskingymi at this moment to dismiss the truth of that statement, but only to .
say that 1 stated it lung before there was any j
investigation talked or: that I never dodged, or '
evaded, or denied having anv knowledge of the I
subject, but at tbe iirst declared plainly and I
fullv what I did know about it.
When Congress met, Speaker Blaine and the
vest of us whose names were e.iiicerned in it at I
once, on tlie iirst morning of tlio session, de- 1
mamled a eommiUec nf  investigation lo go j
tlirough with the whole subject, from beginning
to end.  I want tlmse gentlemen wlio talk about
Mr. Garfield being t:ot after by committees of ;
investigation lo kuow that no investigation into I
VEU.ow-Cmzr.v.:   1 li.ivo   tlemght  for  a I any iml he affair has bun held in the last three
-•■■■-  years in Washington Hint I have not helped to
organize and hiny about. j
thi: roMMiTiF.i: •>? ixvestmatjoh. '
Now, what was tie- iiiYrsligutmii?   You will :
remember tliat before  lhe investigation  had
gone far a feeling of alarm mid . xciti-ment
swept over the n hole country tliat has hiil'dlv !
been paralleled  in  American  history.   Some •
men whon- names were I'lunedid with   the
charges nf the Credit Mobilier nutter, shocked
at the  tenib'e ehmge of  liilcrv thrown nt :
them, in the hmrv of lhe moment si> fai forgot
themselves as to giv< i ipuvinvil answers as to
whether they km w anything ;il"Ut the matter
or not, and the unpn -s.on w.is made thnmgh-
out the country that the most of them had denied that they knew   unvtbing about it.   The
fact   was   that    the    eeuiitiv   was   Milling '■
down     to     the     belief     th.it    the    whole ,
thing was a mere cmipaigu »i.in I. r, and bad no
fonnJ'itio'.i in fret.    I.ml.m; at th" subject
I i.iu iii.-hiiidti.b'li.'vetlmt
tin impi s„:o:i I, ft iiiii.il the Amen.■«» mini is '
that the faults of those who m ie eh:.r:;i d wilh |
buying stuck wns lot Ihat thev   did aiivlhmg '
■Is," 1 ul UeU'aft.T-
wai.l tlievprev:ineati d or indaloiit it.   N',,w,
without iH-cllssilu; ;:mhi liv else,   1   call Mil to
nilli. ss Uiat I stated ;'it i.n'c- what 1 kmw sii ,,iit
It, the Iirst time that I knew li,<- talk was ■.■.mn.;
the mmids of the n, wsp.ipn... Wh. n thu Coin- ]
Mittee of Inv estigu'tton enme to make up their !
r-i'ort, there Ma* one Ihmg in that report to :
v\h.!i I pT-tmally took excepllons, and only
.'e.   I und.r-too 1 that a geiitlemun occupied
this lo.in ;i few nights ago who •undertook to
m::!.<• the impression upon liis audience that Mr.
ii.unbi r of years tint we should ieaeh a point
whew our political diii'in».;iiiih would not relate
lu.iiii'.y to the past: where, in tlie language of
Boiiiepoliti uns ofthe day. we should "let by-
goii.'s lie 1 vjsniies," and the politics of our time
would look  niiiii'y  to  the  future.   But the
presen-e or great events, sueh as have transpired w thin the nast few days iu one of our
States. li..,d i uie to fear we liiu'st again* discuss
some of t;.e <pi.'linns connected wish the late
w.ir.   To-night  I siimii.i \ r>-fi r to discuss that
uril oth, i- ipj, sti.,;is of piilili- policy.    Tlmb far
in my public *pi, eh. s tie re has been imt little
liersiin::i ,lisenssion.   1 have tried to make my
pubh.' hfe as impers'ind as possible; but the
course taken bv some citi/ius of this dislrict
justifies nie, I think, iu departing from tlie ordinary rule, and I -lull di-.v.ss ti>-uight mainly
questions of a somewh'.'.t personal eharacter.
In the first place. I recognize it a-- r.; e. uhar-
to important ell-tin nt in onr Ann rieau lohties
that the full bbz.. of pn'.he discussion, jnvesti- i firm thi- di-tan
gatioir riiil impiirj  cneiruiiig ali u:.ii who
serve thepnbl:.'asasafiguaiii to ie:r in-tilu-
tions. I ih not eoiiiphiin if s.imiti!!.. slhei'i'ice ,     .    .
light ot <h" public press burns rather than i n- ! wtong in refeieiiei to the st
lighti ns.   That piiii>psisoueof the mflssat,
incidtnts tu a full il.seii>Mnn of mlividuais ; n,'l
rommiinitii'K.   I indorse mid  rejoice   in   thi
principle of tlie  utiuo-t individual liberty n(
judgiui ut al out all null, vlaits..ivir llicr'sta-
tion an 1 caner.   Tiiat right or ] rivalf judg
ment is ; Is )'nte ui ev.iv Aiieiit in eiti«n.   I
iind no fnnlt nidi uny 'man Ior i xi r. ".sing it
upon i w Hi th. fubi -t i>ossi'.',. niiimer.  I only
ileiuiul tii.it it shall le exereis, J upon lie ih
Juste'.- iml lor the sake of truth.    Whenever . . .    .   . .    _
it is im nis, 1 for anv oth r puipo.^e ami in anv f ii-vllc'il wa« found gmUv of some improper n
i it is all lhe worse for thi     '•'"" «»•• "■ ..''-.<•» nr..i.ii;.,-     t ...  «	
olhir spirit, perhap
man wh.i do eienias it; hut I have
in that caso a right to respond. I
Iuvvq nmno hero to-nigM io reply Xa
a class of crlticisniH that havo heen mado upon
mo during the last two years. When I havo
lully slated v.lut I have to say to yon on any
of those points, I invite any man," friend or
enemy, tu put any ipn stu in he eluui^es concerning that   point.   1 am of  cur-p nddn
lion wilh lhe Credit Mobilier.     Let mo read ;
you a sentence or two from that report.   The
coimnitteo says: "       j
" Conn ruing tlio members to whom ho has j
.old, or offered to Bell, the stock, the committee i
•ay that they • do not find that Mr. Ames, in his
negotiations wilh tho persons above named, en- \
ti ii.1 into anv di tails of the relations lictweeu i
be Credit Mobilier ("imipanv and the'l'acille
a class
Into whose l.i :;rts mid whose minds, for the last
eighteen month", at bast, a soles ,f repeated
accusation* have been pound, until tlev have
ooiue to think thirenn: t ti sieue iriith'ia the
charges. 1 have gieat syii.patnv I..: tii.it e'ass
of imn: they have bun made l..doubt where
th"V inrimrly trusted, and, hi aim; but one
mde, c:iin» t» b'l'.i-.e there win. imothir. To
that class I ad In s my-e'if, with tin; utmost de-
irire to hive them l.iiow what I am and what my
public hfe lus In en. mil to g.ve th, in whatevii
infonnatioii I may I i„si ss on any p. .mt touch- j
ing that eaiver.
inr.ir.r.i.ir m Tm.iEn.
Tliore ih a large number of j eople in the I'n-i I
t<d Statis wli use tho.t words without any !
adequate idea of what thev ine„n.    I havo no I
dinibt tint a p.f at many people ful about it
very much r.s the lish vomau r.t Billingsgate
market felt   when Sidney  Smith,  the * creat
in taking this stock than to make a profit-
illeiuvistment. * » « Tley huve not been
,ihv to iind that any of thi .e numbers of Con-
•_'ie,- have Ih ,:i ttUei-li-d in their official action
mci.iw oueneeor i:it'rest m the Cn lit Mobile r stmli. " * « 'piny do not Iind that
inherit the above-named gentlemen in contracting with Mr. Ames liad any corrupt motive
or pnipose hin.w If, or was aware Mr, Ames had
any, nor did ethir of tliim suppose ho was
i-".i!ltynf any impropriety or iudehiMev in le-
i-.'iuiuga j .melius! r of this stoek. And, liiial-
:y, lie t th" committi e lind nothing in the con-
■lil.-t cr iiioliM's of eitlu r of these gentli nun in
tal.ing Uiis stock that calls for anv lccotimii illation bv tbeeoi'iniitletot the House." ISu-
I'.i"8«, y, and HI.]
In Mr. Amu' iirst testimony he names sixteen
i iiieml i tsof Ciiugri'sK to whom he iiffered the
took, iind says that eleven of Ihem bought it,
humorist of Eiigland.'eame aliing"aud began to ' ' :,!t''!',"''" Mr- '••Tib Id dowu among the tive
talk with lur." She answered back in a verv i "'". del not buy it. He pays: "Hi .(iartieldi
sancv wav, and he linallv began to call hoi I >b>l nut pay for it r.r nrcive it, ' ' ' He
mathcma'tical names. llu calbd her a parol- j !"'.v,'r, t"1"1 ""?" ""'"'«•>' ""' tliat Btock nor re-
lelogram. a hvpothtmuhe, a paiallimipedon. 'f1"''!1, !","1HJ" "u accomit of it." Let me add
and   other such terms,  nnd she   stood back    tI::tt tUu 1:1*1 Kra"t to the t mon tticitic railroad
was by the act of Jnlv, lxiU, and that (lakes
aghast and said she never heard such a nastv-
talking man in her life- never was abused so
before. Now, people think thev have said an
enormous thing when thev sav that somebodv
had something to do with the Credit Mobilier".
I ask your attention lust for a verv few moments to what that thing is, and, in" tho next
place, to understand preciseiv what it ia that I
nm supposed to have had to do with it.
The Credit Mobilier was a corporation chartered in 1K.",!> by the State of Pcmisvlvania, and
authorized lo build Unities, buy "lands, loan
money, etc. Nothing of consequence was dono
with that company until Ihe year lxi',7, when a
number of men bought up whatever stock there
was in it and commenced to do a verv large
business. In lhe winter of 1H07 Mr. Train came
ti me and showed me a list of names and subscribers to the stock of Ibo Ctcilit Mobilier
Company, and askud me to subscribe $1,01)0. 1
Bhould say there were tif teen or twenty members
of Congress on the list, and many moro prominent business men. Ho said that the company
waa going to buy lands along tho line of the
I'acuic railroad at places whero they thought
there would cities and villages grow up and develop, and ho had no doubt that the growth of
the eouhtry wowia mako that investment double
itself in a very short time.
That waa tho alleged schemo that tho Credit
Mobilier Company had undertaken,—a thing
that, if tliero is any gentleman in Warren who
would feel any hesitancy in bnj-ing, it wonld bo
bis'ause he did uot believe in tho growth of tlio
country where the business was to bo done.
That stock was offered to mc as a plain business
proposition, with no intimation whatever that it
was offered because the subscribers were mem-
birsof Congress, for it was offered to many
other i eople, and no better men livo than nt
least a lr.rge number of the gentlemen to whom it
was offered. Someof them took it at onco. Somo
men are cautious about making an investment;
others are quick to determine. To nono of theso
men was any explanation made that tliis Credit
Mobilier Company was in any way connected
wilh a ring of seven men who owned tho principal portion of the slock, anil who had a contract
with the Directors of tlie Union Pacific road for
building Gild or 7UII miles at an extravagant prico
- largely above what the stock was worth. That
was a secret held only hy thoso seven men who
owned the principal portion of the stock. It is
now understood that Mr. Oakcs AmeB, who was
llu enter of thatcompanvof seven men, Bought
to gain tlie friendship of lifteen or twentv prominent Congressmen, with the view of protecting
himself and the Pacific railroad against any investigation whii'h might be. mado; but it was a
noccssury part of his plan not to divulge that
purpose, or in any way intimate to them that
he might draw upon them for favors.
Long before any such purposo was realized,
long beforo nny pressure came upon Mr. Ames,
most of tlio men who had been invited to purchase that stock had either declined to purchase or had purchased and realized, or had
purchased und sold out. But, in 1872, in tho
luidst of tho Presidential campaign, an articlo
was published in tho public journalB charging
that sixteen prominent members of CongrcBB-—
Senators and Representatives—had sold themselves for money or stock; that thoy bad accepted bribes. You remember that I was running for Congress in this district at that timo.
When that news camo I was away in tho
Itorky mountains. I camo home, and tho
first day after my arrival at Washington I authorized to bo pnbliBhed a statement
concerning what I knovt about the Oakcs
Ames business. A great many peoplo supposo
now and say, and it uas been repeated hundreds
of times in tliis district, and especially in this
town during tbo last two weeks, that Mr, Qay-
Ames had nothing to do with the Credit Mobilier
till more than'two years after that date.
The point to which I took exception to the
rejort of the committee was tliis: the report
held that Sir. Ames and Mr. (iarllekl did agree
upon the purchase of the stock, and that Mr.
Garlield received «3li'J on account of it. I insisted that the evidence did uot warrant that
c inclusion, and rose in mv place in tho House
and announced tliat I should make that statement good before the American public; that I
hi Id myself responsible to demonstrate that the
I'oMtiiittee was wrong: that, although they
charged me with no wrong, they still had made
a mistake of fact which was against the evi*
denes and unjust to me. Soon after I published a pamphlet of twenty-eight pages, in
which I can fully and thoronghlv reviewed ail
the testimony relating to me. I l'lave now- stood
before the American people Binco the athday ot
May, 1S7:!. announcing tliat the following propositions were proven concerning myscl : Ttiut
I never agreed even to tako tho stocls of Mr.
Ames; that I never subscribed for it, never did
take it: never received any dividends from it,
ani never was in anyway made a beneliciary bv
it. Seven thousand topics of that pamphlet j
havo boon distributed throughout tho TJnUca
Slates. Almost overy newspaper in Uio United !
States has had a copy mailed to it. Every
member of the Forty-second Congress—Democrat and Eepublican—had a copy, and there is
nut known to me a man who, having read
my review, has denied ita conclusiveness
of these preipoBitinns. I havo seen no
newspaper review of it that denies the conclusiveness of thi: propositions. U is for these reasons that a gnat public journal, the New York
ICreiiiii'j I'ttM, snid a few days ago that on this
point Gen. Garfield's answer had been received
by the American peoplo os satisfactory. I
understand that a Mr. Tjittle, of Paiues-
ville, said here on this platform a few
nights ago that either the Committee of Investigation eif the House of Iieprese illative s or Mr.
Garlield liad committed perjury in regard lo this
Credit Mobilier matter. I think that gentleman
is a Probate Judge. I wonder >"f he over heard
nf two men making their statement ot a case
differing materially from each other without
one or tlie other of them be'ing a perjurer. If
I were in tlie habit ot calling names it would not
he difficult lo iind a name for a man whoso in-
lelli i hud vision leads him to ouch a conclusion.
If there' is any gentleman in this audience who
desires to ask any epiestions concerning tho
Credit Mobilier I shall bo glad to hear it. [No
response.] If not, would it not bn about as well
to modify the talk on thnt subji'ct hereafter?
Nei. Tho next thing I shall mention is a ques-
ti in purely of ollieinl conduct—and Unit ia a
subject wliich has grown threadbare in tliis community, and yet I desiro your attention to it for
a fow minutes.   liefer to
TBE raOBEASE OF OITICIAI, SAtAnlES
ono year and a half ago. Pirst, what aro the
accusations concerning me?
There arc several citizens in this town who
have signed their names to statements in tlio
newspapers during tliat discussion, declaring
that Mr. Garfield had committed a theft, a robbery ; tliat, to use tho plain Saxon word, ho was
a thief. In ono of theso articles it waB argued
in this wise: "If Ihiro a clerk at my banlc on
a certain salary, nnd ho, having tho key to my
safe, takes out $500 to $5,000 more than wo
agreed for and puts it in liis pocket, it is simply
theft or robbery. Ho happened to havo access
to tho funds, and ho got hold of them; so did
CongrcBB. Yon can't gloss it ovor," says tho
writer; " it is robbory "
Now, fellow-citizens, Iprosumoyouwillngreo
tiwt you can wrong even tbo Devil bimsglf, and
I that lt is not right or manly to He oven about
Batan. I tako it for granted that wo nro far
enough past the passion or that period to talk
plainly and coolly about the increaaeof salaries.
Now, in the first place, I Bav to-night what I
havo said all through this tempest, that for a
Congress to increaso its own pay and mako it
retroactive is not theft or robbery, and you do
injustice to tho (ruth when vou call it so.
Tliero Is ground enough in whicli h denounco it
without straining lhe truth. Now, ir Congross
oannot fix its own salary, who can? Tho constitution or your country says In mimistnknblo
words, that ''Senators and Representatives shall
receivo a compensation to be aBcertalnod by law
anil paid out of tho national treasury." No-
boely makes tho law but CongrcBS. It was a very
delicato business in the beginning for our
fathers to mako a law paying themselves
money. They understood it bo, and when they
sent the constitution out to the soveral Stales
tho question was raisetl whether it would not
bo better to put a curb upon Congress in reference to their own pay, and in soveral of the
States suggestions wero Bent in. When the
Pirst Congress met James Madison offered seventeen amendments io tlio constitution, and
finally Congress voted to send twelvo of tho
proposed amendments to the country. Ono of
them was this : " No law varying tho compensation of the Senators and Uepri'sentatives in
Congress shall take effect until an election haB
intervened." In other words, tiie Pir<,t Congress proposed that an amendment should bo
made to flic new constitution that no Congress
could raise its own pay and make it. retroactive-. That was sent to the State's for
tlieir ratification. Tho States adopted
ten of thoso amendments. Two
they rejected, and this was ono of tho two.
Tbey said it should nut bein tho constitution.
Tlie reason given for itB rejection by ono of
the wisest men of that time was this. Ho said:
•' It wo aelopt it, this may happen: Ono party
will go into power in a new CongrcBB, but, just
be fore tho old Congress expires, the defeated
party may pass alaw reducing tbepay of Congress
to 111 cents a day. It will nover do thus to put
one Congress into tho power of another • it
would be an engino of wrong and injustice.''
For this reason our fathers refused to put into
the constitution a clauso that wonld prevent
hack pay. Now, it will not do lo Bay that a provision that has been deliberately rejected from
tho constitution is virtually there, and it will
not do to say that it is just to call it theft and
robbery for a Congress to do what it has plainly the constitutional right to do. I ubo tho word
rij.'if in its legal Bense.
Now, tako another step. I hold in my hand
here a record of all the changes of pay Ihat
liavo Ken mado siiico this Government was
founded, ond in even' case -I am not arguing
now that it is right at all. I am only giving vou
a history ot it —in even- singlo instance when
Congress has raised its'nay it lina raised it to
take fffoct freim the first dny ot the session ot
Congress. Six times Congress has increased
its own pay, and overy timo it made Uie pay
n tniaetive. I say again I am not arguing that
this was right anil proper; I am onlv ai^ning
thut it was lawful and constitutional to do it.
In lHiiG tho pay wan raised, and was made retroactive for a year and four months, nnd the
mcmlicrof Congress from this district threw
the casting vote that made it a law. That act
raised the pay by a larger per cent, than the act
of last Congress. Joshua It. Giddings wan the
ow-hundredth wan that voted aye; uincty-nine
voted no. Joshua K. Giddings"" vote the* other
way wonld havo turned the score again-t it.
That vote gave back pay for a year and four
mouths. Tliat vote gave Coiigre ss nine months'
b.ielt pay for a time when nu rain rs would not
have Uin entitled to anything whatever, because undl r the ohl law thev <i e re paid onlv during the lii-Hsion. AVhat did tliis district do"? Did
it call him a thief nud a robber? A few weeks
after that voto this district e-leete'd him to Congress feir the tenth time. Have the ethics of
the world changed since- lfQ(j? Would I bo a
thief and a robber in 1H73 if Iliad dono what my
XiredocesBordidin 1830? In 1160 tlio pav was
raised."' Tbiit'Hiho It *a»^n6 In thd'Sppropna^
tion bill, a very important appropriation bill;
a bill giving bounties to soleuerfi. It passed
through the Senato and came to the House.
Tluro was a disagreement about it Senator
Shi rman, of Ohio, had charge of the bill iu the
Senate, and voted against the increase of pay
1'Viry time when it came up.on its own merits.
But he was outvoted. Finally it went to a committi e of conference. Tho conference report
between the two houses wns made in favor of
the bill. Mr. Sherman brought in the report,
saying, when he brought it in, that he had Wen
opposed tn the increase of pay, but the Senate
had ove mile d him. He voted for the conn r-
eucere|Kirt, votid for the final passage of the
hill. That bill gave back pay for a year and
five months. \\*as John Sherman dtnouueed as
n thief and robber for that? Was Benjamin i\
Wade called a thief and a robber?
At Ihat time I was not Chairman of the coiniuittee, and had no other responsibility than
thnt of an individual Representative'. 1 voted
against the increase or salary, then, at all
stages. I voted against the co'nfcivnec ri pe.rl,
but it passed through the Houso on a final vote1
by just one inaj< rity. I do not reniembt r that
any! "dy ever pi:ii"id me partkularly for voting
against that report, and I never heard anybody
blaming John hhciinni, for voting for it.
Now, ui 1M7;1, the conditions we re exactly the
ri'verse". I was Chairman of the committee
that had charge' nf the groat appropriation bill.
There was put upon Halt bill ngainst mv ear-
nist pr.iti'st a proposit en to iinnai-e salaries.
I take it then.1 is no one hero v ho will deny that
I worked as earnestly as I could to prevent the
putting of that increase upon that bill. I did
not work against it because it was a theft or a
robbery to put it on theie; I worked against it
because I thought it wes indece nt, unbecoming,
and in the highest digree unwise and injudicious to increase tlie salaries at that time', tint,
because tbey had been increased in I'M!, anil,
in proportion to other salarii'i, Congressmen
were paid enough—paid more in proportion
than most other ollicials were paitl; second,
the glory of tho Congress has been
that it waa bringing down tho expenditures of the Government from tho
highest level of war tei the lowest
li'vel of peace ; and if wo raised onr own salary,
unless thu raise had been made before, it would
be tlie keynote on which tho wheile limo of ex
travaganco would bo sung. I believed, too, tha,
it would seriously injure the. Itepnblican party,
and on that score I thought wo ought lo resist
it. I did all in my power to prevent that provision being addeel to the bill. I voted against
it eighteen times, and spoke against it. But by a
very largo voto in the House, and a still-larger
vote in tlie Senate, the salary clause waB put
upon the bill. I was Captain of tho Blnp, antl
this objceliemablo freight had been put upon
my deck. I had tried to keep it off. What
should I do? Burn the ship? Sink her? Or,
having washed my hands of the responsibility
for thnt pnrtof her cutjo I bad tried to keep off,
navigate her into port, and let those who had put
this rvclght on bo responsible for it? Using thb
figure, that waa tho course I thought it my dntj
to adopt. Now on that matter I might have
made an error of jndgniont. I believed the'ii
anil now that if it had been in my power to kill
Hub bill, and had thns brought on an extra
se'ssion--I bolievo to-day, I Boy, hael 1 been
able- to do that I Bhould havo been tho weirst-
blumed man in tho United States. Why? During the leing months of tho oxtra session whicli
would have followed, with tho evils which the
country would have felt, and by having its business disturbed hy Congress, and tho mice rtain-
lie's ot the result, you wonld have said : "All
this has come about becauso we did not have a
man at the head of tho Committee ou Appropriations with nervo enough and forco enough
to carry his bill through by tho end of tho session. Tho next time wo havo a Congress wo had
better seo if wo cannot get a man who will get
his bills through." Supposo I had answered :
"There) was that salary increase." "That won't
do. You had shown your hand on tho salary
question; you hod protested ngainst it, and yon
had dono your duty." Then thoy would havo
Haiti I hero wero Bix or seven sections tn the bill
empowering tho United States to bring the railroads beforo tho court and make them accoun
for tbeir extravagance 'Jlhoy would have said:
"We have lost all Uiat by tho loss of this bill."
And I would havo been charged with ncling in
the interest of railroad corporaUons, and lighting ta kill tho bill for that reason. But bo
tbat as it may, fellow-citizens, I considered
tho two alternatives as well as I could. 1 believed it would rouse a storm of indignation
and ill-feeling throughout tho country if thnt
increaso of salary passed, I bolioveel it would
resnlt in greater evils it tho wholo fulled
and an extra session camo on. For a lit—
lb whilo I wa.. tempted to do what would
rati er bo plenBing than what would bo best in
thi' long nm. I hcliovo that it required moro
courago to veto as I voted than it would to have
voted lhe oUicr way, but I resolved to do what
seemed to mo right in tho case, let tho consequences ho what they would. I may have
mado a mistake iu judgment—I blame no one
for thinking so—bnt I did what I Uiought was
the least bad of two courses. My subsequent
conduct was consistent with my action on the
bill.
I did not myself parado tho fact, bnt moro
than a year ago tho Now York World published
a list suiting in chronological order tho Sonators
and Bepresentativeti who covered their baok-
pay into tho treasury.   My nam* was ilrst on
the list
I now paiiBO to inquire if any gentleman in
tho audicmoo haB any questions to ask touching
this salary, or anything concerning it. If they
have, I shall bo Yery glad to honr it [The
speaker hero paused, but, no oucbUoiis being
asked, ho proceeded as follows:]
If not, I paBB to tho Bi!bjcctiny friend over"
yonder has soemed so anxious I Bhould got to
boforo I finished tho last; and hero I approach
a quostlon that in ono sense is not a question at
all, and in another sense it may bo. I untler-
sinnd Uiat soveral persona in tho district aro
saying that Mr. Garfield has taken a feo for a
Ho-callod law opinion, but which, in fact, was
something wliich ho ought not to have dono—
which was in reality a kind of fco for his official
influence as a member of the Committeo ou
Appropriation; or, to speak moro plainly, tliat
I accepted pay for a servico as a kind nf bribn.
and that, too, in
THE E0-CAI.LED ns OOLVCn PJLVEMKNT,
Now I have tried to atato that in tho broadest
way, with the broadest point forward. I ask
tho attention of this audience for a few moments to tho testimony. In tho first placo I
want tlio audioneo to understand that tho city
of Washington is governed, so for as its own
improvements aro concerned, by its own laws and
own its peoplo, just as much as Warren has been
governou by its own coporate laws and authority. I remember perfectly woll what has been
paraded in tho papers so much ot late, that
Congress has full power to legislalo over the
District of Columbia. Well, Congress has full
jurisdiction over Uio ten miles Bqnaro ot what
ia now called tho District of Columbia, and
Congress could, I suppose, make all Uio police
regulations for tho city of Washington;
but Congress always allowed the city of Washington to havo ita City Council or a Legislature nntil tho present time. Wo have
abolished it, becauso wo • had a cumbrous machine. In tho year 1871 a law was
passed by CongrcBS creating the Board of Public Works, appointing a Governor, and creating
a Legislature for the District ol Columbia. That
act Btuted what tho Board of Public Works
could and what tho other branches of the District Government could de), and, among othor
Uiings, it empowered tlio Legislattuo lo lovy
taxes to make improvements on tho streets".
The Legislature met tho Board of Publio
Works, laid upon them an elaborate plan for
improving the streets of Washington, a plan
amounting to 56,0011,000 in the first place, and
the Legislature accepted the plan, and provided
thai the third of the entire cost of carrying out
that plan should bo by assessing tho foot front
on tho property-holders, and tho other two-
tuinls should be paid by money lo ho borrowed
by the City Government; m other words, by the
Issuing of Uioso bonds. Tho City Government of Washington liorrowod monev and
raised by special taxiitiem enough to
carry on a vast system of improvements. When
they got ready to execute thoir plans ono of Uio
questions that camo beforo them was, What kind
of pavement shall bo put in, and in what Way
sliall wo go about tho business hy letting our
pavement contract? In order to scttlo that
question they wroto to nil the principal ciUes
and found out all tho methods pursued by
them, and finally appointed four leading
ofiicers of the army: Geu. Humphrey, Chief
Engineer; Gen. Meigs, Quartermaster General ; the Surgeon General; and Gen Babcock,
of the Engineer Corps; nnd thoso few men
sat ns an Advising lkiard, having no power but
merely to advise'. They took up all kinds of
nave mint ever made. Specimens wero Bent in.
They looked over tho whole, and, as a result,
recommended this: " Wo recommend you, in-
sti'ad of letting Ibis work to bo done bythe lowest bidder, with all tho scheming 'straw bids'
that may come in, to fix a tariff of prices you
will pay for different kinds of pavements, and
wo recommend as follows: If yon pnt down
concrete pavement, you had bettersay you will
pay so much per square yard for putting it
down.   Wo havo looked tho cities all over, and,
stone,TKTtouch-, (or "gitt\e1^s»--emnefit'Y"E'
HBpbaltnm, so much; aud for wood, so much/
Now, that Board ot rnhlio Works adopted the
plan and that schedule) of prices, and, having elected Uiat, if thoy pnt these various
kinds of pavements down, they would put
them down at that rate, tiiey" then said to
all coiners, "Bring in your various kinds
eif pavements and show us their merits, am)
when we havo examined them wo will act'
l'liiu the various paving companies and pat-
i lit) es all over the country who had what they
willed gimd pavements presented themselves;
bnt in almost all cases through tlnir attorneys.
Tliey Be lit men there lo represent the relativo
nu nts of tho pavements. A pavement company in Cliicago employed Mr. Parsons, e>f
Cleveland, as early as the month of April, 1H72,
to go before the Board of Public Works anel
1 resent the merits of their pavements. Mr.
Parsons bail uollung whatever fo do wilh thn
.ini stmn nt prices ; the-y had alreadv heen settled in advance by the board. Sir. Parson.'
was Marshal of the Supreme Court at that time,
and was just about miming for Congress. He
asked the Chief Justice of the Ciuted State*
whether there was any impropriety in his Inking
that case up and arguing it merely because he
was an appointee and under Ins direction, and
the Chief Justice responded tliero was none
in the world. He proceeded with the caBOtinU!
the' Hth day of June', when for the first Umo I
hi'arel anytliing about it. This was two days
before the adjournment of Congress. On that
■lay Mr. Parsons came to me and Baid ho had
an important ease; he had worked a good deal
em it, but waa called away. He must leave.
He did not want to lose his fco in it—was likely
tei lose it unless tho work was completed. Ho
must go at any rate. He asked mo if I would
argiiithe case for hun ; if I would examine into
the merits ot this pavement and make a statement of it before Uio Boarel. I said: "Iwill
dei it if I, on examination, lind the patent is
what it purports to be—the best wood-pavement patent there _ ; but I can't do it until after Congress adjourns," Congress adjourned
twei days later.
'llie papers wero sent to me of patents, modeled specimens, and documents showing whero
the' pavements had been used. Tlie investigation of the patents aud tho chemical analysis
r. presenting all Uio elements of the pavement
was a laborious task, and I worked nt it as faithfully us anything I ever worked at I did it in
open daylight I have never been nblo to understand how anybody'has seen anytliing in
that on which lo baBO an attack on me. I say I
am to-ilay intellectually incapable of understanding tho track of a man'B mind who sees in
tliis any ground for attacking mo. I mado the
argument Tliero wero two patents con-
cerned in Uiat pavement itself; thero wero
some forty different wood pavements proposed ; and to carefully and analytically exi
amine all tho relativo merits ot Uioso waB no
small work. Mr. Parsons was to get a feo provided bu was successful, and not any if ho wos
not snCCohsfal, mid li&nco tho miiii ofTorod Was
large—a contingent fee, na every lawyer knows.
Now, I midorslcnd thnt it ia Baid by somo of
these gentlemen that that was in Bomo way or
other with the United States treasury. How?
That pavement was to bo paid for by tlio city of
Washington; one-third of it assessed directly
on tlie property-holders, and paid for junt as
you pay for a pavement hero in Warren ; and
the rest haa to be paid by the city of Washington in money Uiat it borrowed, and for which
the citizens aro ultimately to bo taxed to pav.
But I was Chairman of tho Committeo on Appropriations, you say, and tho Houso of Representatives appropriated money for tho District
of Columbia. How? Whenever a pavement on any given street is laid in
front of tho United States Postollico,
nr tho Patent Oilico, or Treasury, tho
Government of the United States, ns a mere
matter of decent justice, pays its proper proportion in front of its own buildings as any
other property-holder would do. and that was
all. Whatever waa tho legitimate, proper sharo
of the United States to pay, it paid. Now, eloes
anybody see in what possiblo way tbat fact mado
it in nny way improper for mo to practice my
profession in a locatio i when I was not needed
in the public servico ? But some one snyB : "Tlio
pavement was a bud one. It was a swindle."
Who told you tliat? Why, a man that went to
Washington to testify, and that bal a different
pa vt ment of his own; ho was gluel lo say that
the Do Golycr pavement was a bad one.
Now, I want you to understand, fellow-citizens, that of tho 150 miles of puvemont in Uio
city of Washington iifty-tlirco miles of it only
aro wooden pavement, and of the fifty-three
miles of wooden pavement laid in Washington
tliero wero 80,000 stpiare yards of it only or tho
Du Golycr pavement. There are 1,005,000
Bipiaro yarels of wooden pavement laid in Washington, and 80,000 of it only was of this patent
Thero arc len or twelvo different kinds of wooden pavement in Washington, and only one-
twelfth of thiB is or thiH kind, and tho prico of
this pavement waB fixed by a Board of Engineers before Jlr. Parsons or I had a word to any
on the subject It was only a question which
of the two or three or ton pavements will you
adopt, ond I am hero to-day to affirm that it
is tho best wood pavement that wag over laid.
Now, I do not believe much in wood pavements
as compared with concrete or Bomo othor forms
of pavements, and this Board Of Engineers
recommenijod concrete ip proferonoo to woot].
Bra what wero tho facts? Thoro wero thirty-
tw if different Btreots in Washington along which
th*}, people petitioned to liavo wooden pavo-
nxmt Thoy preferred wood pavement. It was
ch$ipor than tho aBphaltum. They wanted
w«)il pavemont, and tlio American people gon-
?Fw believe in wood pavemont and thoqueB-
tieivwaB, if Uio peoplo waut tho wood pavo-
mihlt, and aro determined to have it, wliich
paj'oment shall wo givo thom, Uio best or not
th^besl?
OSffx, I havo boforo mo hero, what I hail
wlxm I mado the argument, certificates from
01«ugo, St. Louis, San Francisco and all the
otljcr cities where tho pavemont waa laid, that
it stood bettor than any wood pavomont Uiat
haft evor boen laid, aud in tho roport of this
coijunittoo of investigation in Washington a
letter wim recoived from tho Board of Public
Wftfoi of Chicago, dated Oct 31, 1874, in thoao
wows: " Sinco 18GD there havo been laid hero
inQhicngo 100,000 squnio yaids of tho Do Gol-
yei? pavement, and thus far it stands woll and
is in good condition."   There is twico as much
r. (ft*fll" tell )0n another f*ct shout it
Tl>$ lOHtiinony bcroro thia committeo discloses
tbelollowing; Tliat in tho city of Now Yorl
tbjWpaid 85.50 to 80.50 per Heptaro yard. In
th* City of Brooklyn thoy pay §5 por square
yard, and in tho city of Baltimore, for putting
down Nicolson pavemont (which is not so expensive), thoy paid -isi per square yard. Now,
aUthoDoGolyerpavementput down in Washington was pnt down at $3.50 per squaro vard
uuder this tariff of prices fixed by tho Board of
Public Works upon tho recommendation of tho
B$S*d of Engineers. Well, now, follow-citi-
zejss, who has raised this sto'rm or criticism
about tho Do Golyer pavement? Who? Early
lait winter soveral of ua camo to tho conclusion that tho Board of Public Works was nn
expensive machine; that it was coaling Uio citv
ot Washington too much; that it was overloading, them with taxes, and that wo were bound to
pay too much money ouL of tho treasury to keep
tiftonr ond of Iho business. Butwo let on foot
on,3nqniry into the cause ot tholarijt-wondi-
tnfc, and a committee of iuvesligation na« ai>-
pejwtcd, aod thoy have published some 1,000
pita of a report They havo gone over tho
wholo ground of tho doings of that Board of
Public Works and the Citv Government, and as
a ife'sult of it wo havo abolished that form if
gwernracnt and had thoPreBident appoint Coui
n%S)oitqr8,andhohasappDuitcdGov. Dennison.
oBour Stale, as ono of them, lo manage the af-
WYt of the District of Columbia until winter.
Tlat Committee of Investigation went over the
w]iolo ground or Uiis business ih Washington.
Ifcwas a committee thnt had taiator Thin-man,
Of|Uils State, on it for one; Judgo Jowott, of
CSombns, for anoUier man, who is now Prwd-
deht of Uie Erie raihoad, both of Utem Democrats of the strongest ef amp. We had on from
tif; House, as Chairman of that Committee,
Jodgo Wilson, Of Indiana, one of tlio strongest
arfrl ablest and best of our members, and they
wait over this ground most thoroughly and sc-
vttely. Mr. JPursons went beforo Uiat coiu-
flijtteo antl told tbem all ho know about this
pia'cmenF; told thom whnt ho knew of Us merits,
ttill told Uiem he and I argued that caso. It
n|s early in tho session when ho told them
'Uot. Now, whot has been said about that in
\W'liiugton?   Don't you Uiink Bomo of the
country, bolioving that thereby I could honor
tho position I hold and tho district I ropresent.
On the othor hand, my constituents havo givon
mo tho great support of Uioir strong and intelligent approval. Thoy havo not always approved my juelgment or the wisdom of my public acts, but thoy have sustained mo becauso
thoy kuow I was earnestly following my convictions of right and duty, and because thoy did
UQt want a representative to bo tho moro'ocho
of tlio public voice, but an intolligont and indo-
pondent judge ou public quesUons.
In all this I have relied upon tho good sense
and jusUco of tho pooplo to understand both
my motivos and the motives nnd efforts of my
enomios. On boiho questions of publio policy
thoro havo boen differences between some of
my constituents and myself. For instance, on
thiB currency question I havo followed what
seemed to mo to bo the lino of right anil duty,
and in Unit course I behove that Uio majority
6or tho peoplo oi this district now concur.
Whothor right or wrong In opinions of this
sort, I have bellovod it to bo my duiy to act independently £ud ia accordance with the best
"TPollow'-CHfijenli,''! Wiov» I ikivfe elone iny
country and you somo sorvic*, and tho only way
I can Btill contlnuo thus lo Servo yoti ib by cn-
joj-ing in a reasonable degree your confidence
and uupport, I am v,ery gratoful for tho expression of confidence which you hnyo again
given mo byohoosing mo a Boventh time as
your candidato. It was an expression whioh I
have reason to believe was Uio result of yonr
deliberate judgment, based on a full knowiortgo
Ot my record, anil it is nil tho more precioua to
me becauso it camo utter onoof thoso storms of
publio feeling which sometimes sweep away Uio
work of a lifetime.
And uow, in conclusion, lf there is any question or anytliing I havo disotiBsed, or that I
havo not discussed, which any gentleman desires to propound, I shall bo very glad to hear
it. [Tlio speaker paused, but, no questions being asked, closed his remarks as follows :1 I
thank tho audioneo for tho very paUont attention wiUi\fhioh Uioy have honored mo.
Jfatiouirt   Republican   Committeo.
At it meeting o£ tlio BepnTjlican
Xationnl Committeo nt .Now York, Inst
•week, which, ivas very largely attended,
tlio following gentlemen were selected
on Executive Committeo: Jiimcs De-
venux, Georgia; Senator Logan, Illinois ; John O. New, Indian a;
John S. Kunnells, Iown; John A.
Martin, Kansas ; J. M. Forbes,
Massachusetts; Chauncey I. Filloy,
Missouri; William E. Chandler, New
Hampshire; Georgo A. Halsey, Now
Jersey; 'Thomas O. Piatt, Now York;
W. P. Oauaday, North Carolina; Wm.
E. Cooper, Ohio; Seiiator Cameron,
Pennsylvania,; George W. Hooker, Vermont; J. W, Mason, West Yirginia;
Elihu Enos, Wisconsin; B. C. McCor-
PASSING   SMILES.
MICIIIGAK J0EW8.
mick, Arizona; and Stephen B. ElkiilB,
j New Mexico.   Tho committee then pro-
.as jn-L. ,  -7- -   - i ceedod    to   orgnnizo    by   appointing
1© pemocrnts would havo been exceedingly i Marshall Jowell,   of   Connecticut,   ns
wflm-tobitmo a Mow on Uio head if they    chaivmon,   and   S.   W.   Dorsey,   of
, ArkaiiBW, ns Secretary. Messrs. Logan,
Ngw,_Buiiho1W, Euos,"Cooper, Filley and
Martin was appointed to lako charge of
tho political cttiiipnign in tho Western
States, Senator Lijgiui will bo in charge
of this coinmiUeq. It-was unanimously
rotfAyeil'-to- invito Senator Blaine  to
hfa discoverer anything in that to iind fault
iv|h? The committee made its report in full,
aiid not only mitdu no possible reflccUon on mo,
bill, when asked about it ssld IhcrO was nothing
'   or In Iho case.' that rofleetixlin thc slight-
dfgrce upon Mr. GoifU-W.   Now, iu thu
tot Oils jjcmjttst that Was miawl in the
"'"-""' teapot.-« fow weeks r&o,. tbo Him,
Steele, of Painej% ilia, Vitile'»letter
loiitee -Who .had chargo of ttwtlu-
mrJhe wroto haeik the fol toying-
*■"-  -"    '--?M.,AmlMM."
refiii'sT^r^ilTotWiSflFSiri
Uicr or not Iho netlen of Gen. GnrfloM In coii-
tlouw-llli thc airiilrs or tim District of rolllmlila
w,« tlie si.hjcct of ci nile'ltinntlriii Iiy the coiiiiniitce
tliat recently liml those affairs under coiu.iilcr.iti.nl,
I answer that It was nut, nor was there, In my opinion, any evlilence that would have warranted any unfavorable critleiani ujm n Ills conduct
The fiti-t) illml.iseil by the ovidonce, so far as he Is
c nccnicil, are briefly tliene:
The Biinr-l of l'libllc Works was considering the
qileitl.nl as t.i tho kili-1 of pavements that HliniUd lie
hill. There waa a contest as to the respective merits
of varli ii wiKuleii pavements. Mr. I'arfliiisreiirc-
ccntul, aa alti.rnej, the Do Gnljer *i Jtcfle.laliil
patent*, anil, beirifj called away from Washington
about the time the hcurlng wan to lie hail hefure tlio
B.iartl ef Puli'ic Work* nu thli« subject, procured
Oen. Uarfic'.il t. appear before the board In his stcail
and argue the incuts of tlitB patent. This he
did. anil this was the whole of his connection
with the matter. Ii was not in question as to the
leiuil of contract that should lie made, but as to
whether this particular pavement shnulil he laid.
The eritidmii nf the cninmiltee wa* not upon tlie
pavement In favor of which eitn. (larflelil argued,
but upon tlie contract Willi reference to It nml there
waa no evidence wliich would warrant the conclusion
that lie had anytliing to do with the latter. Very respectfully, etc, James Wilson.
Now, fellow-citizens, it is not pleasant for me
to bo reading things of thats .rt concerningmy-
se If, that the man who had charge of the investigation in tbe District of Columbia, the man
who wrote the report on the part of the House,
who was the Chairman or the committee, who
knowB all the facts in regard to it says thero
was nothing whatever in tho caso that iu the
slightest degrco reflected on me. It is left the
excessively virtuous Judgo of the Probate Court
of Paincsville, and perhaps tlio Judge of tlie
Probate Court in Trumbull county, to discover
that this " De Golyer business " "was a fearrnl
bnsinccR on the part of Gen. Garfield.
K there is any gentleman in Uiis hall who has
any question to ask in regard tothe De Golyer
pavement business, I should bo veryglod to
hear it.
Question—Was the appropriation Tor the payment for tho pavements mado boforo or after
it was accepted by tho Loard?
Gen. Garfield—I am very glad to answer that
onesUon. By the firt-t act or tho Legislature of
Uie District of Columbia no contract was to bo
made, no work was to be done, except upon appropriations already made. Congress had adjourned. Tlio appropriations for tlie District of
Columbia wero made beforo 1 touched or hael
anything to do with tliis inaitcr. It is true tliat
the next year thero were appropriations mado
fpr the District of Columbin, bnt the appropriation that Congress made never had anything to
say about one pavement or another. 'Congress
know no moro about thc De Golyer pavement,
or any other pavement, than you in Warren did.
lt simply made the appropriation to pay for
paving in front of its own building, if it thought
proper to do so, and that is all.
I understand Sir. Parsons was retained by
these partieB in Chicago, and thoy paid him a
j-otaining fco of *5,000 for his services, whcUici
Wo Bitccceded or not. And they were to pay
liim 510,000 as a contingent fco if lie succeeded.
Sir. Farsons had done the bulk of tho work. Ho
camo to mo Baying there wero $10,000 depending
upon his success, of which lie would pay mo half
in case I made tlio argument and was successful. I supposo that is a fair explanation. I understand sonio gentlemen think Unit is a largo
fee. Well, it ia a largo fee j but it was nothing
tor that. Either all that was done went tor
nothing, or else it would bo more. I d in't know
that those gentlemen said it was a largo Tee
whon JudgoTiiunbtlll mado an argument in tho
Supremo Court and received 510,000 out or tho
United States treasury for it
Question—Oen. Garfield, allow mo to ask you
ono question: What question of law was submitted to you in that caso? WaB it a question
of law, or a question of tho eUfferenco between
Uio pavements?
Gen. Garfield—There wero questions both of
law and of ment In tho first place, thoro were
forty-two different kindB of prvemont presented. If the Governmont took one, thero might
bo a question of conflicting pa tents—there might
be a pateut lawsuit growing out of it—and I fell
it to bo my iirst duty to inquire whether tho two
patents that extenel into this pavement wero
valid patents that eould properly bo sustuined.
I niiielo that examination as fho very first stop I
look in the case. I understand Uiat tho Board
of Public Works said that tliey did not caro
very much about that, on tho ground that thoy
probably would not pay a royalty in any case.
Hut tho fact was Uiat tho contractor liimself—
thc owner of tho patent—regarded it as a valuable franchise, and tho validity of ,tho patent
wns to him Uio first consideration.
Now, wliere tliero nro forty patents, or nearly
Unit, concerned, it is Of somo iniportnnco to
know Uio relative validity of tho patents.
If no further questions are to bo asked, I
will conclude with a fow general questions on
tho wholo subject Nothing is moro distafitof ul
to mo than to sneak of my own work, but this
disctiBsieni has been made necessary hy tho persistent niisroproBcntaUons of tbose who assail me.
During my long publio service tho relation between tho pooplo of this dislrict nnd myself has
•been ono of mutual confidence and independence. I have triod to follow my own convictions
of duty with little regard to personal conso-
quenco, rolyingupon tho intelligence and justice
of tho peoplo for approval and support I havo
sought to promote, not merely local and claim
interests, but tlio general goo4 of tho whole
«l)€ttk.iii "tlie tacifio States, on motion of
.Ufliv; Fflfcfcr/of Ohio.. Tho committeo
will meet k«aio on Aatt. 5, Sept. 9, and
<V.»'  11 -  'I'ha <ua»j»5».n;t«^ t.J *K-
the 2M inst
, riiiQIituy m
Ecscrved Scats.
In traveling, one meets with many
si'lfish pi'opli- ; among them eemntle'ss
women who insist on monopolizing two
si'atu in a railway car under the* pre-
te'iise thut erne' eif tin ill is engaged by an
attendant gentleman, supposedly iu the
Muioking-ear fur a brief interval. We
saw two women of Ibis sort rightly
served during a tmmuier trip. For fifty
miles they succeeded iu warding oil'
travelers who sought the shady side of
the1 ear, anel the seat in front eif them
was the convenient receptacle of their
baggage'. Finally, however, nn uueouth-
leioking individual epiie'kly removed the
baggage anel turned lhe se-at. The'
ustemisheel luelievs paused in tlieir con-,
vernation te) 'ae'h either and raised their
hands lus if iu remonstrance, but it wns
toe) late; the thing wus quietly and
quickly accomplished, and the two feir-
eiguers who were seated there se'omcel
te> understand n<> weirds en' gestures.
Publie opinion, in that car, at least,
sided with them. Ou another occasion,
when our party entered a ear, not a seat
was available. One person was guarding four, others one and two; the aisle
was uncomfortably crowded. "This
way," said the conductor, "room inthe
palace ear for those who are standing."
The engaged seats were at a discount
(plenty of room now), but the conductor
insisted that they slnmlel be retniued by
their occupants, and all were made comfortable. "Do as you would lie dcne
by," is a geiod rule when traveling as
elsewhere.
Dninly Enters.
A monagorio elephant eats about one
hundred pounds of the best timothy hay
overytwenty-fourhours. Giraffes, camels,
zebras and deer are also hay-eating animals, but aro not so particular in reference
to its quality as tho elephant Soa-lions
have to be fed on fish, usually frosh and
salt mackerel, each animal taking twelvo
to fifteen each meal twico a day, and consuming altogether ono hundred pounds
of fish elaily. Next in point of delicato
eaters come the polar bears, whosoregular
diet is bread soaked hi milk, with fish now
and then for a change. Tlio black bears
are also given bread, one hundred pounds
being used daily. Vegetables of almost
overy sort aro fed liberally to tlio different
animals — cabbage, potatoes, carrots,
onions aud turnips. Tho elephants are
great cabbage eaters, in addition to their
standard diet, hay. The giraffes, singularly enough, aro great onion caters, whilo
tho deer and goats, aud animals of Uio
cow species, eat carrots aud turnips and
potatoes. Bran and oats and corn aro
also liberally distributed—mostly once or
twice a week—among tho hay eating
animals. But the orang-outang is the
most dainty feeder of all, living on bread
and honey, beef and potatoes—a diet
alarmingly liko that of humanity.
John Quincy AilnniR.
Tho personal habits of John Quincy
: Adams, when Minister, were remarkably
| simple, we infer from this entry in his
; diary :    " I rise usua'ly between 5 and
i, G ; I begin the day with reading fivo
i charters iu  the Bible; I have this day
; lluiylicd, in course, the Old Testament.
j I then write until 9 o'eloek, when  I
1 breakfast alone in my chamber.   I write
. again after breakfast, and walk ait hour.
: We dine at 4, and sit at a tabic until fi.
i In the eveuing I attend the theater, rc-
1101111 or concert.    Between 10 and 11 1
return to my chamber mid betake iny-
j self immediately to the night's repose.
I havo this month frequented loo much
tho theatir  aud other publio amusements, indulged in too much conviviality,  and taken too little exercise!,    The
consequence is, I become too corpulent,
j and industry is irksome to me.   May I
: bo cautious not to fall into any Ji.ibit of
indolence or dissipation,"      '   '   *'  "
Abb you tired of your engagement?
Chow onions.
A mmr-DOMJAB painted fan raise» no
more wind than a five-cent palm-leaf.
The good man says : "All things aro
for tho best," and mentally adds, "I am
tho best."
"Whai I should liko to know," said a
School Board official, "is how tho mouths
of rivers can be larger than Uieir heads."
A IiAdy for the first time listening to
tho "still small voice" of a telephone remarked: "Good gracious, it sounds just
liko one's conscience."
" EvETOt timo a man truly repents,"
says Josh Billings, "ho is born again, but
thoro is lots ov people who repent every
night jegnlar ho us to lie ready,, tor active
-tiicdbi^ to))Mcr<>w^>-   ' "i-w -j.^,-;w.4-
It is only tho female mosquito that
bites, but -when a mau gets a chance to
bolt ono with a towel, ho's going to do
it without stopping to inquire as to its
geudor."
"I siuiii find another channel for my
article," said tho author of a refected
contribution. "That's right," was tho
answer of the courteous magazine editor;
"Tho British Ohonnol would be an excellent place for it," ,       *
"It looks liko tho scono of a groat
battlo," remarked a groat traveler, viewing the work of a recent cyclono at the
West. "Tcs," said tlie native solemnly,
and without removing his pipe, "the
place was tuk by storm,"
The fathor of a St. Louis bride presented his son-in-law with eighty thousand head of cattlo. "Papa, dear," exclaimed his daughter, when she hoard of
it, "that wos so good of you;J3harley's
so fond of ox-tail soup."
Next ,to a tailor who promisos you a
new suit in order thafc you may get away
to tlie seashore on Sunday, and thon disappoints you, comes tho fiend in femalo
form who brings homo your washing on
Monday morning instead of IViday
night
As it should bel ["Young persons
ought, above all things, to ba taught
perfect candor."—Manuel of JiliqualteA
Visitor—"Is Miss Percival at home?'1
Servant—"No, Miss. Did you wish to
see her?" Visitor—"Lor', no! I want
her to seo mo."
Some men are born to bad luck. A
Now Hampshire man wont through threo
years of the war and wasn't oven scratched or sick a day, whilo liis next neighbor
got a wound in tho only battlo ho was in
that entitles luin to a big pension, whilo
tho iirst poor fellow has to work for a.
living,
"Isnderbriionor guilty or not guilty?"
asked a beaming Teutonic justice, tho
other day. "Nofc guilty, your honor,"
promptly responded tho person addressed.
"Den > you. yousif get ouct and go apou't
your peesincsg, my vrend, ahd stop your
fooling round hero irlit your blayen- off,1'
indignantly responded the outraged srm
.uf tbal»w. . . *
clergyman nuked, with s tremor of
emotion in his voice ns he took tho sick
woman's hand in his own. A shado of
patient thought crossed tho invidid's faco,
and by-on-by she said "she didn't hardly
beHeve she was; there was the little bedroom carpet to be taken up yet, and tho
paint np stairs had hardly been touched,
and she did want to put up new curtains
in the dining-room; but she thought that
if she didn't eho until next Monday, she
would be about as near ready as a woman
with a big family and no girl ever expected to be." P. S.—That woman got well,
Burlington Hawkcye.
A wELMJitESSED negro applied to tho
'Judge of Probate, of Mobile for a marriage
license. He was asked how old his in-
tondeel was, anil answered with great
animation : "Just 10, Judge—sweet 10,
and de handsomest girl in town." Tho
Judge said he eould not do it, as tlio law
forbade him to issue license to any ono
uuder 18. " Well, hold on, Judge," exclaimed the man, "I know dat dem girls
am deceitful and lie nbout deir age. She
is 19 if a day." ' 'Will yon swear to it ?"
asked the Judge. "Yes, sah," he replied,
and did. " And how old are you ?" said
the Judge. The chap, looking suspicious,
replied cautiouiily: "35," antl aelded, "if
dat won't do, Judge, I've got moro back."
A Bashful loiing Man's Escape.
Some people never seem to get the
right idea of the subject somehow. They
were talking at McAllister's, the othor
evening, of the suil'erings of tho poor
people turned out eif doors by the re-
c nt hurricanes in the Southern States,
wheu a bashful yonng man with a green
necktie, who was silently squirming on
a straight-backed chair iii a comer, was
asked how much exposure he thought it
was possible for a human being to endure.
" Exposure, mum ? Yes, mum. Well,
the most terrible instance of expose I
ever knew was something that happened
te1) myself a few years ago."
'' Indeed!" said a young lady. '' Tell
us all about it."
" Woll, you must know, I hail a great
habit of walking oufc through tho park
and strolling on the bench near tho Oliff
House. One Sunday morning, very
early, I was tempted by the extreme
heat to slip into the surf and take a
bath, which, as there was no one around
at Jtliat hour, I finally did. Judgo of
my horror wheu I eame out and found
that the tide had risen aud carried oil
my clothes."
"Ahem!" intorruptwl the hostess.
" Won't—won't you try some chocolate,
Mr. Skidmore?"
"Thanks—iu a minute—just as soon
ns I finish my story. Yes, every stitch
I had in tho world was gone—everything
except a chest protector, anil I was
orced to walk iuto Van Ness avenue,
where I lived, with nothing bufc that between me and thc sneers of the heartless
world. I'll tell you how I managed. I
ju.st tied the x«o—"
But just hi're the ladies fainted, while
another, with great tact, sat down at the
piano aud shrieked "Nancy Lee" at tho
lop of \\e-r lungs, under cover of which
the dead and wounded were carried off,
while the sincere but misguided young
man was coaxed oufc iuto the hall and
handed his hat.—iSVm Francisco  Post.
Tin? Marshall pooplo have commenced
the foundations of tho now jail,
A WiwiIasison man thinks ho has
found a deposit of- mineral paint on liis
farm.
The Episcopal Ohurch at Albion is
undergoing extensive repairs and improvements.
A new hotel is to bo built at Commonwealth, on the Menominee range, costing .$10,000. "
Mus. BipiiAitD SritAcrois died in Mecosta county, last week, from tho effects
of stepping on a carpot-tftck.
A combination of leading Detroit
brewers has advanced the prico of lager
$1 per barrel.   It now sells at $8.
The Gratiot County Fair, this year,
will bo hold Sept. 21, 22, 23 and 24, tho
week following tho State 3?air at Detroit.
Tub Liberal State Convention ond
Camp Meeting commenced at Lansing
Juno 20, and continued until July 0.
Tiie new opera-house to bo erected at
East Saginaw will bo an elegant littlo
structure, modeled closely after Wallaces Theatre, New York, with a seating
capaoity of 1,200.
Tins Detroit police mado 2,417 arrests
in tho year ending Juno 1, The aggro-
gate timo for which sentences were mado
was 44,403 days in tho House of Correction, or an average of 18J- days each.
An extraordinary accident recently occurred iv fow miles from BiRtle Crook.
George Benedict was afc work Jogging oft
a clearing when liis oxen became frightened and ran away. A long cablo-chain.
was attached to the yoke, and t]io hook
wlappcd around^qanjjht^in ^Ben^wUct'rf,    jt
*R^5*^ti'!^£^!4*FPi|l^^
tween the heel cord'»nd tno pone.    I_e-   - >
oxen bounded over logs and briish-heaps,
poor Benedict dangling at tho ond of the
chain, his clothing torn, nnd his ilesli
frightfully mangled. Tho oxou turning
a corner in the field, Benedict was
pulled through throo lengths of rail-
fonco. Soon after tho infuriated animals woro stopped, and tho injured
man, almost dead, released from thc hook
and carried homo	
Cciiniik KettitllN.
Population of Meredian, 1,532; in
1874 it was 1,407, and iu 1870 ifc was
1,374.
Population of Alliicdon, according to
the census enumerator, is 1,474; in
1874 it wns 1,293, nnd in 1870 it was
1,290.
Population of Onondaga, 1.453 ; iu
1874 ifc wr.s 1,252, and in 1870 it wns
1,227. Tlio village contains about 200,
ond Kinney villo 110. Thc oldest man in
town is 93.
Population of Sanlfc Ste. Marie, 2,050.
Tlio enumerator of St. Joseph has
completed his work, and finds Iho population to bo 2,000.
The census returns of Jackson are all
in, and gives 10,021 as tlie official count.
Tliis gives au increase of 4,G27 in ton
years, which is 4 per cent, per year.
Tlio census of Ann Arbor city has
been completed, and ifc shows a population of 8,028 persons, as against 7,303
in 1870. These numbers do nofc, of
course, include students from abroad attending tho University andpublicschoolH
who are hero nine mouths of each year,
md who number 1,000 or 1,700.
Wo give the population of several
places in Michigan in 1880 as compared
with 1870, The cities of Greenville and
Ionia wero incorporated after 1870 :
.;*i
% «a
1870.
1880.
nig iiniiiiiH	
 Vin
3,550
Oolihuitcr	
 tfin
*,m
Cannula	
  1,1(18
■ 1,701
■Detroit ,	
 79,1103
liii.os.1)
Griunl lUplilrf	
 lli,503
a^oou
UlX'CtlllllQ ..........
,..,....,... .....
11,103
Inula.....	
  .....
J,17fl
LUUKlOg,	
f, *ui
8,320
Nllcii...»-,....v...,.,
  1.501
4,300
Flirt Huron...........
 Sv077
8,903
"Why Ue Wauleil io Close His Store 011
Sunday.
A few days ago a young man in business was greeted by one of thc clergy in
this city, und was congratulated em" his
new venture in business. In tho course
of thi' conversation ihe clerical brother
•xprofsed liis opinion us nofc in favor of
the youngmaukeepiiig opeu on Sunday.
" No," said the young man, " I don't
waut to keep open on Sunday, bufc will
probably have to. I work h'nrel all the
week, and would like to shut up on Sunday, because it's tho only day in the.
week that I can have to myself to go
hunting and fishing."
Tho clergyman moyed oii,-r-7?oc/ic*te7'
Post, >   • .
ItefwrtiMC'wt ol Vuhlic lnolnicliou.
Tbo Jarty-third anan*l Tepori of the'
SMfrinteii.Wrt- £^**^*^J**_Z
part]amiiFiiasju3rTCenT^
l>re.ss of tho State Printers. In tho item
of school attendance it is stated that,
while tho increase of school children
during the year has been 10,187, tho
total attendance upon school is 17,504
less than iu 1878. With about the samo
ineri-ase of pupils iu each, the attendance at graded schools has increased
2,209, and decreased 19,953 in the primary schools. The decrease in tho per
cent, of attendance' has been 8.2 in tho
ungraded primary schools, and 0-10 of 1
per cent in the graded schools.
Since the inauguration of the township system the standard of teachers'
qualifications in the rural districts has
depreciated at least 50 per cent, and
wages have decreased 25 per cent.
There have been fifty-six institutes
held during tho year, conducted by
some t)f the most prominent educators
in the State. The enrollment afc theso
institutes aggregate 4,144, or 45 per
cent over that of 1878, aud nearly 20
per cent, over that of 1877. The class
of teachers attending theso institutes
may be seen from the fact that of every
100' twenty-eight held first-grade certificates, thirt v-four second grade, and thirty-eight third grade.
' The total number of books in tha
township and district libraries is 248,-
190, an increose of 4,411 eluring the
year. The amounts reported as paid for
library books are $1(1,043.14 by districts
and $0,807.43 by townships.
The graded schools aro reported to be
in a healthy condition ns a whole. Tho
Superintendent refers to the fact that
formerly some of them were attempling
too much, (hereby failing and invituig
criticism.
'J'lio Anntiul 1-Juczuiipuiciit.
The following order has been issued
by tho Commander-in-Chief:
Military DEl'AnTMKh'T, Miciiioas,)
Adjutant Gknkhai.'k Office,   >
IiAsmsn, Juno 17,18S0.       )
General Orilers Ko. 9.
Tho encampment ot instruction ,tor 1880 for
ihe hrigaele of Stato troops, as provideel for in
section G7, Htato Military law, will ho helel at a
noint lo be hereafter tlesi^nuteil, commencing
Monday, Aug. 2, and continuing to Saturday,
Aug. 7, following.
Ab tlio tinio allowed ifl limited, tho troops
will move so as to enable them to roach camp
and report for duty at as early an honr on tho
2d as possible.
The camp vvill be under command of Brig.
Oen. Withitigtou, who vvill establish and govern
it in accordance with tha Stato law and rules
and regulations, together with sueh orders not
in conllict (herewith as ho may deem necessary.
Iu order that companies may enter their encampment in good condition ns regards drill,
new members will not bo admitted for 80 days
prior to going into camp, nnd only those who
havo been SO days or over in Hervice will bo
deemed eligible for camp duty;.
Company muster rolls will bo mado ont,
properly certified, giving names and dates of
enlistment of all members of companies who
are to be present at Iho encampment of their
respective regiments, such rolls to be fonvardod
through the regimental and brigade headquarters to the Adjutant, General twenty-live days
prior to tho dato of encampment and on tlio
arrival ot tho companies at camp tliey vvill bo
mustered ou these rolls bythe Inspector Generai or his assistants, for camp duty.
In addition to the inspection directed in soo-
tion 70 of the law, tho Inspector General will
require such drill and battalion movements,
under his supervision, as ho may deem necessary to show the iintmction and disciplino of
the' troops.
Itis expected that companies will he prepared for the ri'ginioutil targot-practico coin-
pntilion under tlie "niles for tho practice,"
as prescribed in tho instructions for the Inspector General, who will havo chargo of tin
practice.
The "lloelun it Wright prize" will bo competed for by the companies of tho respective
regiments."
The company making the highest team score
in tliu I hrco regiments, as certified by the Inspector General, will bo entitled lo receivo il,
nnd will retain it until won by somo other company, and the members ot such team making
tliohighesl score vvill have tho privilege of
wearing it while on parade with Iho company.
The Quartermaster General vvill, on the
requisition 0! tho Brigaele Commander, sup-
plv a sufficient number of tents and such
other articles as may bo necessary for the
encampment and tliat aro allowahlo under tlio
law.
By ovAev 0f tho Commander-in-Chief.
JKO. ItOEEElBON,
Adjutant Genoral,