1879-10-03; Clare County Press

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liSGAl.lToTiCES-yKates prescribed by law-P "    ..
Local Notices—10 cts. per line 6ach, insertion.
Am. Advertising payable quarterly fh Advanc'e.
WHEATON & FERE%
'   r .itA^rs'isisi©,
(QLABB, .    -     -..'. MICH_. •
All httsinsss intosfc-sff with- them will recejv
pi-oiaiit atterttifin. ^ojlietlo-as -made.an&.Real Ee
•mte.bougbEand sold. OfficaMa-yJJard^loc'fcJMa^»Sf
_^ -^ l*"*^-, ,."*■.-*—'■^z—r —
"Xtliriff. EC ELDEN, Jawisii'B'BAjtfB*
V v     '-dealer io Wall Pager, B b-ok"--*.- and StaMpfe-
c?jr, Sewing Machine: 3?ixtu"res; etc., Ci^&p.
* - rp EOC -W.' JEB3PBEBBS, J-U&&&- era*
vJT" PROBATE and Jhswce of- the* Peace, Clare.?
Special gtteatiois given to making collections.   Of-
ce ok Main Sters-Su.,
OJBO.X 0fXKMESTS5   • ~
Atkmie^r^Jkt'!& .und Solicitor,
•<^nHMaimQJBuiklt^ Mtrwell, Mich.
Att-o-m^'aH'fi-=0oims'4ldr-at-La'w, and
Cona*elot? 4& SolieltDi' in. GhaDLcery,
,; Umpl jg&bm MviMim% Mmelt%_ Mieh.
X"t- 0.' H0Ba-lTj - JTJBEHSB  OF  5?B*k ,
. JiliLo ?nACH-ind KorAirsr FrBiic,V--fia3s6s,Iias-
•    GSSA"P,'.^i'BIjSB^MHr-p'SGTi,   • *'
- "•" TmmrM&sT; >-* .    • ' -
H^ <J. Dobg-b; ^bMMj&, -Mom. J.^
"-"^ 3PoMte''<& fesji^asL-s© Agt<
* „
SABBATH EEA©ffi(R.
5Cho loJigne Instrocted.
"Guard -yell thy lips; none, none can know
Prov. xiii. 3".
W&at e*?il&from the tongue may flow;
James iii. 5, 6.
TThofc guilt, What grief may be incurred,
Judges *xi. 35.
By one "uncautious, hasty word.
.  ■- , ' }   Mark-vi. 22,27.
"Be f'slo-w to speat," I00K well within,
*» Prov.
So check what there may leaa to sin;
" - Jamesi, 28.
&nd pray tnice Singly for aid, ,
Col.iv. 2.
Hasi tmswares, thpu he betrayed..
Luke ssi. 34.
lcCoad*5mn not, -judge not"—not to "man
James iy. 2.
Is       nIds "brother's faults to scan;
ICor. iv. 0.
The task is thine, and ono alone-
Matt, vii. 3.
To search, out and subdue thine own.
John viii.".
"thdulgano nrarmuring; oh, restrain
1 Cor. x. 10.
Those Tips, so leady to complain;
' Lam. iii. 22.
And. if they can be numbered j count
. Ps. ciii. 2.
Of one day's mercies the amount.
Lam. iii. 23.
Shun vain discussions, trifling themes;
Titus iii. 9*.
Dwell not on earthly hopes and schemes;
Deut. vi. 4-7.
Let words of wisdom, meekness, love
Thy heart's true renovation prove.
Set God "before thee; every word
Thy lips pronounce by Him is heard;
Oh,'couldst thou realize this thought,
James iii. 13.
Luke vi. 45.
Gen. xvii. 1.
Ps. cxxxis. 4.
Matt. sii. 36.
What care, what caution would be taught!
' The time is short,"this day may be
Luke sii. 3.
1 Cor. vii.29.
The very last assigned to thee;
Eph. v. 16.
So speak, that shouldst thou ne'er speak more,
* Col.iv. 6.
Thou may'st not this day's words deplore.
Rom. "*dv. 12.
TSMk KeHgion.
IR*J«*#H THU ©ALMWS*
who have been hitherto his most ardent
disciples, and who have been "inclined
to do - their * Christian work almost
wholly outside oi the churches. * It is
true that there are destitute neighborhoods, in which* there are no churches,
and in which religious service of some
Mnd ought to be held. For this kind
of missionary work there is room and
reason. But the practice of carrying-
on outside religious services of an intermittent character in the immediat-a
neighborhood of churches is a. practice
which in a majority of cases ought to'
be discouraged. The people wh*o*
are .gathered into # these places
.ought to be gathered" i"§to the
churches: their religious life is likely, jLu-l   :*hforthepoisoningwitharsenicof
ft^t~^ i-l»»-"j$eiBa-6nnl IBiaglSsli Crim-Stials Who
'?£z~?   ffcea' MeinseS.-JJrpxing  *v-3*oee*Q Tlc-
iJjfQEQ. the -xfe-wyorli* World.]
-tivreeen't;"recollection but one
* %b6en-hanged»in the United
,5id she was innocfent.   The gal-
Qrtf&veVi has been busy in En-
*uii female criminals j and not-
^;-ite, the Execution of a woman
Tort-la prison being the third
J> year.    More than a   dozen
i^ave suffered death-under Queen
;*n'' many of them being phenom-
.''jainals.     In  April, 1845,   we
jSarah Freeman was hanged at
;T7!f*I
I- we::-;-
Sfci;
&)&      '
'in"^"'r
■civ: -'
'V.A   **
to have a healthier and mb^;frtiitfal
development if it is ''pl^hw ia fib.e
courts of the Lord" than 'if it^prings
up in connection with some ^ sporadic
religious service.   It may ber said "tha-|.
the people who attend these outside
services think that they n^re not "waatetl
in the churches, and will-:;&$.' enter
them.   Ii this is the case thettljkhe first
thing to do is to disabuse thexy* minds
of this error, and make theiri believe
that the churches are the veijj places
where they are wanted.   And,'if this-is
not altogether an error of theirs, and if
there are some features of' the church
Mministration which are -calculated to
discourage their attendance, the first
thing  to  be  done is to reform  the
church, so that it shall offer _ a hearty
and emphatic welcome
most need the gospel,
other  of these Jpbors
Christians who axe now devoting them- *
selves to the propagation of rink religion;
might well turn their energies,    if the •
time arid money and zeal and tact th&fe »
they now expend in keeping up xeh-Q". v
ious meetings of one kind or other out;
side the churches in their neighborhood
were expended in gathering these, ou&
siders into the churches and Making'
i'Cti
to those -who
To one or th& I
those zealous
I  i'v. ) flier, brotherj husband and ille-
^"$l  ~|" son.    In April,   1849, Sarah
'iij,©*; ,,i was hanged at Grloucester for
tb :$ii |5,out the brjBtins of her mistress,
G'4'pT i^oman. of 61 years, with -a stone.
,B'M *; jat-to the galldws in an ungovern-
1 'pj>i rage, wrestling and biting so
fpiely that it was with difficulty
vpnb "warders could force her up
'2tL&£, and her screams of anger
. jp-n'or continued until the bolt was
'.i'; 'On the 21st of August, of the
"i*year,   Mary  Arin  Geering was
,*~ Jd. in front of Xjewes' jiilforhav-
oisoned her husband and two sons
vO get the burial allowance from
4srtdly society to which they be-
sai;Two days later Eebecca Smith
.jed at Devizes for the murder of
■saby, aged 4 weeks. ';'""Her show of
. \;at piety had provoked much sym-
''''.%for her, but after her conviction
-*.t>roke down and confessed that she
\ poisoned her seven other children.
tjly,    on   the   13th    of . ISTovem-
iV'.the Mannings,   man    and wife,
n   hanged    before    Horsemonger
v> -fail, for the   murder of Patrick
'jonnor,  a Custom   House   officer.
case was farther notable in that, when
she pleaded pregnancy in bar of execution, a jury of matrons were impaneled
tp pass upon the plea. The President
of the London Obstetrical Society published a letter on the signal impropriety
of retaining in a modern judicial system a custom based upon a mediseval
medical error long since exposed.
Gom^\^^JmMuildmg^ UTarwbU.
S. COOLEY,
DEALER IN
Harness, Whips, Robes, & Blankets.
The best assortment of Trunks and Traveling
bags in town, and prices the lowest.
THE BEST OF MATERIAL USED.
All work  warranted.   Repairing done  promptly
I will sell cheaper than can be bought elsewhere in Saginaw Valley.
"OUBEISr SMITH,    .
NOTAMY PUBLIC.
Real'Estate and Insurance Agent.
MrAELIK, MEECxHI.
Particular attention paid to looking land, estimat
ing pine timber, adjusting trespsasses and paying
taxes for non residents.
Manhattan Fire Insurance Company of New York
Strong and sound, with low rates.
Ttyj]" R. JEFFERIES,
DEALER IN
FRESH a SALT MEAT,
■ Fresh and Cured Fish,
Fine Groceries and General
Farm Produce,
Cheapest TEA Id Town.!
Cash paid for hides.
MAIN STREET, CLARE.
HOTELS, LIVERIES, Ac.
^Sw^urntttoeT^newly
Befitted^ New Proprietor.
ST. JAMES HOTEL,
V, IK. IxSIRLdD-WK, IPirop.,
MOUNT PLEASANT,  MICH.
FirstClass Accommodations.   Good Sample Rooms
for Agents. Good Barn.
"JPARWELL BILLIARE HALL,
FARWELL, MICH.
FINEST~~CIGARS,
Pure Wines, Liquors, Ales, Beer, Porter, Cider, JEte.
Those desiring a pure article are invited to oall.
HENRY NEWTON.
aiJMMERS & NEWTON,
Proprietors of the
FARWELL  LIVERY.
FORSES & CARRIAGES
TO LET.
Parties conveyed everywhere in this
section and vicinity.
■gg'-Terms reasonable.
Ij^AGrLE HOTEL,
Coral, Montcalm Co., Mich.
A. FRED GOODENOUGH, Prop.
jl 'E'efflffl-peiraiBxietB HHoinise.
This is a new house, neatly furnished, convenient
to the trains, with good accommodations at reasonable prices.
<L3<m<D)I® E<E*VIEIHL*x7 ATHTACMISxtDc
The advent of Mr. Moody gave a
great impetus to a kind of observance
•whifih was already prevailing in this
pBWxts^ and which has sometimes hpeh.
'&$rjM&'%Mk religion* If is &'weU-known
i-aef $h&& ieEgfoias Is^mces held -fix .thea-
ler^/Zq^fesss-cs-Ms/^^siM' -aa€''-sii^Mffie
plasik"hsT® a.sfepng atkaa%2| Sififi
cerialn class of persons; -fafl iti&'&Q-adi^.
fetie 'that there is -a q)ss§ pi OJaifetlcas*
'a-miklmm} ."^o^Mve ^'a^pgasfeiBiy im
"tney a.r^'callea., are iofiordf edngrisgating
in these places are not far to seek. In
the first place, the unfitness of the
place is attractive to many minds. A
religious service in a church is a seemly and decorous thing; but a religious
service in a rink or a circus-tent is
something out of the common; there is
a pleasing incongruity about it which to
many persons is highly amusing. They
attend such a service for the same reason that they go to see the five-legged
calf or the two-headed nightingale.
These places are haunted not only by
worshipers of the incongruous, but also
by that large class of persons who have
been happily described as "the camp-
stool congregation"—those who always
go where the newest sensation is, and
who are never truly happy except when
they ere in a crowd.
Of these two classes there are enough
in any considerable community to
crowd the largest assembly room that
can be found in the neighborhood.
And, when the crowd is gathered, it is
easy to stir up a considerable amount
of feeling. The persons who compose
such an auditory are generally excitable ; the lively music, the vigorous and
pathetic appeals of the preachers readily
affect them, and we often seem to see
large numbers of them entering upon
the religious life.
Such services, however, come to an
end before many weeks, and then these
new disciples find themselves suddenly set adrift. All their religious
experience has been connected with the
rink or the tabernacle; when that is
closed they are not drawn in any other
direction. The influence of locality
upon the religious life is a great deal
stronger than some persons think; the
place where prayer is wont to be made
is the place to which those who have
learned to pray love to betake themselves ; the less cultivated the worshiper
is, the less inclined is he to worship in
a strange place; the more is he dependent for his religious enjoyment
upon local associations. Though the
churches all open their doors for these
convicts of the rink, very many of them
will fail to enter the churches; or, if
they do go a few times, all the surroundings are strange to them, and
they soon cease to appear in the places
where they would be welcome.
It was the observation of this fact
that led Mr. Moody, during the last
winter, to seek to connect his work more
directly with the churches. He has
come to feel that it is far better to make
use of the church as the instrument of
evangelization than to create other machinery, simply because the results of
his work are in this way so much more
fully harvested and secured. The
method which he followed last winter
in Baltimore is less spectacular and
striking than that which he liad followed previously; but in the long run
he thinks it will be more productive;
and the adoption of it does giseat credit
to his head and his heart. It shows
that he possesses .sound sense, and that
he is not a selfish seeker after notoriety.
It is to be hoped that Mr. Moody's
conclusion will be adopted by those
the churches places into which all the
people woulcl delight to go, the result-
of their labors would be larger an(
morep'ermanent.—Bimftay Afternonrt
, '--0AK£i>A,2iasalready--paid Trjou-atie^
,^li mmv®m oi the %ai* diMSia
ft-.
iM tz?M <£ i&OjGQQ aiad© hy <
'of. Qm®&w8&
Bat-I 'lor
--.Pr
a**-'
Vf-
\ .
'en
. 3. Manning was hanged in black
!a and along lace veil.   She and her
nfoaaid    shook   hands    upon    the
;"i>.. On .the Sth -.of August, 1853,
_j,3JQ. Blackwood and.Hans Smith Sfac-
jTcaie were hanged -at -Glasgow for
•.'owing! a* ship-carp'eriter aamed- Boyed
.1- of the window of a brothel while he
„'j helplessly drunk.,  The hexfrexecu-
•*'". of "a "woman wMeivwe find record-
i £$£&*.'','place at 1>uhxfries April 29,
>r»2, x/ken Mary'Timney was hanged
■j; Zzillsiag Ann Hannah.   "The-execu-
,   rji"- we read, "was rendered unusually
^t^fpH'-y.r? afed reniai'kable from ^^S§^
''T-j-jc^*1 u,-""*osafe'*of txie^j&OoE wofpr w^vf
An English workman thus testifies itf
the English Mechanic: "In very many
things our manufactures are not fit to
be shown in the same street with American ones; and this is not merely in
knick-knacks and little ingenuities, as to
which it is tolerably evident we have
no pretension to enter into comparison.
I only invite any one who doubts my
statement to compare such a rough,
common matter as 'cut nails.' Our
rubbish, with half of them split up,
which tends to turn round in the wood
and split it, and with conical heads,
looks very poor against the straight,
clean nails, with well-formed heads,
which the Americans used to send to
Australia, and which, when I had once
seen them, prevented me from ever buying an English nail again as long as I
could get the American ones."
The Paris Petit Journal gives an in!
teresting account of the progress of
French savings, which shows what a
wonderfully thrifty as well a3 wealthy
country France is. The deposits of
the seventeen years before the war
showed a very marked increase in tne
material prosperity of the country,
their annual progression being about
30,000,000 francs, or $6,000,000. After
the war the deposits fell suddenly from
720,OQQ,000 francs to 515,000,000 francs
in 1872; then they began to rise gradually to 535,000,000 francs in 1873, and
to 573,000,000 francs in 1874. At this
date successful efforts were made to
propagate the system of savings banks,
and" the deposits rose to 600,000,000
francs in 1875, to 769,000,000 francs in
1876, to 863,000,000 francs in 1877, and
to 1,010,000,000 francs in 1878. Thus,
in the space of four years, the deposits
augmented 437,000,000 francs. No deposit is allowed to exceed 1,000 fraiyjs;
when this sum is exceeded the savings
bank purchases rentes, which it delivers to the depositor.
Eemarfcable Case of Death by Light-
ning-o
A house was pointed out as a negro
cabin in which a woman was killed under the following circumstances: She
was sitting in a chair that was leaifing
against the wall in the corner, and holding an infant in her arms, with five or
six children lying on the floor at her
feet. There were no signs of the track
of the lightning bolt about the house
at all. The right or left temple of the
woman had received the electric blow,
and was pressed in as if by a terrible
stroke from a stamp usually used by
postmasters in mailing letters. The
woman was instantly killed without
moving or giving any evidence of
death. The infant was but slightly injured. The dead mother sat there for
nearly three-quarters of an hour with
her little infant still quietly folded in
her-lifeless arms. The others at her
feet were more or less hurt. One or
two were set on fire and seriously damaged. The woman, however, was the
only one that was fatally injured. This
was certainly a most remarkable occurrence.—Warrenton (Ga.) Clipper.
Remark of tbe oyster Sept. 1," Here
we R again.''
'■■ ",'M "Co-" the 'gaHows
-afiigiit even then "be e*^*M8lea:-tb-ijife'^y(
the sake of her poor children." Sept. 10,
1864, Jane Myers and Joseph Sargisson
were executed at Leeds, and on the
10th of January, 1867, Ann Lawrence
suffered death at Maidstone for the
murder of her child. On the 27th of
May, 1870, Margaret Lynch and her
brother, Lawrence, were hanged at
Tullamore, Ireland, for the murder of
one Dunn, and on the 11th of October,
within the precincts of Horsemonger
lane jail, was put to death the notorious Margaret Waters, the baby-
farmer. She had many aliases, and was
known to receive infants at railroad stations and in the streets. "Wherever she
made her residence,at Brixton,Battersea,
Peckham, the emaciated bodies of babies
were found with suspicious frequency
in out-of-the-way places. On the eve
of her execution she wrote a statement
attributing her resorting to baby-farming to financial difiiculties; she had
borrowed money at exorbitant interest,
and people were willing to pay freely to
get rid of their illegitimate children—
she thought they were more to blame
than herself. She owned to having
laid down the bodies of five babies, but
insisted that they had all died of convulsions or dysentery—not of deliberate
starvation. The original Little Buttercup walked to the scaffold with a firm
step, and, after the rope had been adjusted, " uttered, in a calm and composed tone, what was described by those
who heard it as a beautiful extempore
prayer. She appeared to die instantaneously." March 24, 1873, was
hanged at Durham, Mary Ann Cotton,
the Bishop Auckland poisoner, who had
done to death eighteen persons, husbands, step-children and lodgers. "With
all this load of guilt upon her conscience
she slept well, walked to the gallows
with a firm step, and spent several minutes there in earnest prayer. The person that "funked" was the Under
Sheriff, who had to be supported by
two men, and fainted dead away when
the drop fell. On the 29th of June,
1874, Frances Stewart was hanged for
killing her grandson. On the 15th
of August, Sehna Wedge, a
woman of 28, was hanged
at Bodmin for dropping one of her two
illegitimate children into a well. A man
had promised to marry her if she would
dispose of one of them. She was " a
very kind mother," and the jury recommended her to mercy, but in vain. On
the 29th of May, 1879, Catherine
Churchill, aged 54, was executed at
Taunton. She had killed her husband
with a bill-hook to prevent him from altering the will he had made in favor o
their illegitimate son, and then burned
the body, so that scarcely a trace of violence could be found about it. She
firmly protested her innocence, and insisted that her life had been sworn
away. Finally, on the 27th of July,
Eate Webster was executed at Wads-
worth for being unable to hold her
tongue. Had she kept her own counsel
ii would have been impossible to establish legally that it was she who had
Mlled her mistress, Mrs. Thomas, at
Eichmond, cut the body into pieces and
thrown them into the Thames.   Her
■Hie Iioss of am Ounce of ftraimo
Little Rosalie Harris was shot in the
head by John Beckett, who now lies in
jail awaiting the result of her injuries.
The ball was intended for her uncle,
David Poindexter. It was fired from a
thirty-two caliber revolver, and weighed
half an ounce. The child was stooping
when shot, and the bullet struck her
on the top of the forehead, about an
inch above the hair line. It made a
long fracture in the skull, extending
three inches back, where it entered the
brain. The point where it struck the
skull was crushed in and fractured, afterward coming out. From there to
its resting-place the bone was depressed by the ball having passed over
it. About an ounce of brain' and a
large quantity of blood came out at the
time of injury besides two pieces of
bone, together the size of a silver half-
dollar. Partial paralysis of, the left side
set in at once and continued for a week,
when the arm and leg were completely
paralyzed. The meningeal artery was
badly torn, as was also the dura mater
or covering of the brain. The injury
to the skull was what was known as
a ""comminated fracture. As soon as
the child's system was somewhat
recovered from the shock Dr. A. A.
Marsteller, who had charge of the case
from the first, performed the delicate
operation of raising up the three inches
of depressed skull. This relieved the
patient, who had before been suffering
severely, and restored her mental faculties. Ice has been kept constantly to
the child's head, and light but nourishing food administered. The total paralysis, which commenced about the sixteenth day, only lasted a week, and is
now nearly gone. On the twelfth day
a third piece of bone was extracted,
about the size of a silver quarter.- The
wound had been carefully strapped together with adhesive plaster, and now
measures only about one inch in length.
The bones also seem to be growing together, and the portion depressed by
Ihe ball is now quite sound.   The child,
moved febm 'ihe' liou's6"tLm ij£diana. jave-
.•^-aej-neax^Firstv street* to her father's
house, ih:'Bonfca■"WasMngtofl, iasjjj Sunday. Since that time her imprbvemenlv
has been more rapid. No mental effect
of the loss of brain or injury to the
skull can be traced by the girl's family.
She appears as bright and lively as any
child, and, although the paralysis has
not quite left her limbs, she is about the'
house nearly all the time.—Washing ton
Post.     	
(Roodl Advice.
Do not call a man a liar unless you
have a lump in your throat and are quite
sure he is a liar.
Much jewelry is vulgar.
Do not smack while eating.
Do not cut your nails in public.
Do not run after famous people.
Do not breathe hard while eating.
Feeing waiters is paying blackmail.
Serve vegetables on separate plates.
Cheese should be eaten with a fork.
Unsweetened coffee cures bad breath.
A man's dress should not be remarkable.
Do not give mere friends costly presents.
Short nails make the finger tips grow
broad.
Girls who part their hair on the side
look fast.
In going up and down stairs precede
the lady.
A formal call is long if it last over half
*an hour.
Never take bits out of your mouth
with your hands.
There is too much promiscuous kissing in this country.
A young lady should never stretch
her feet out in company.
Some men unpleasantly comb their
mustaches at the table.
A pink ribbon under the chin makes
a pale woman look brighter.
Always take the last piece of everything—there is supposed to be more.
Candleso
Very few persons who have not
looked into the matter are aware how
the manufacture of candles has
dwindled, especially in the United
States. There is very little left of it,
the large houses that once carried on
the trade having, for the most part,
either retired or been forced into bankruptcy. Making candles used to be
very profitable; many firms have grown
rich thereby. But of late years the demand has fallen off everywhere, and is
to-day rather lessening than increasing.
Really, there is very little need of candles now. They have served their
time; they belong to a fading, if not
faded, epoch. Kerosene has been fully
as adverse .as gas to candles, for kerosene goes and is used everywhere.
From all the far-interior towns and
frontier villages the once-familiar candle has disappeared, and kerosene has
supplied its place. It is rare to see a
candle anywhere in this country; a
candle has grown to be a symbol of extreme conservatism.
WHAT ss€fflTCA©©?9 KDSAIfSo
Ironclad gunboats, armed with 100-
ton guns, have been condemned by the
English and Italian naval authorities.
I3EE» "Stymolossr--s*a*i<i Original Signification ©
Mr. W. H. Wells writes io the Chicago Tribune as follows: ■
"In preparing an article on Chicago,
I had occasion recently to investigate
the original signification and use of the
word Chicago. We have had more
than a score of lectures $,nd, historical
sketches, in which the origin of this
word has been given, with quotations
from various authorities; but I found
the discrepancies in these different
statements so great that it was nol; easy
to' decide on the real meaning of the
original word without looking beyond
them. After comparing the * various
opinions, and many others, I wrote to
Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, of Hartford, Ct., who is the highest authority
in the country on all questions relating
to the Indian tongues. His statement
in regard to the etymological derivation
of the word Chicago leaves no further
question on that point. He writes as
follows:
"' The meaning of the name Chicago
is not doubtful. "Ohicagou"—as the
French wrote the name—signifies "The
Skunk," and cannot be made to 'signify
anything else. It has—with slight-
modifications of local dialects—this-
meaning in all Indian languages of that-
region.       " •
"'As the name comes to us through-
the French, the first syllable indicates
the French pronunciation of the Indian-
name. Dr. James, in a note to "Taii^
ner's Narrative," 1830, observes that
the common Indian pronunciation is
"Shig-gau-go," and with the locative inflection "Shiggaugo-ong, at Chicago."
In the same dialect—Ohippeway-—James
writes, "Shegahg," skunk; "Shiggauga-
winje, onion, i. e., skunk-weed " Bishop
Baraga, in his excellent "PtcMpweDic-
tionary," has "Jikag." [French j--r-Eli-
glish zh] polecat, fitch^tj^^lie^ipid
notes: "From this wor-£iS:dQi^e*ii|&e
name of the city of Ohic'Sgo^^Fdr;
garlic or wild onion, he gives, Jig^ig^a-
wanj, and' kitch-jigaga-wgaj [big sk%hk-
weed] or the garden onion.
" •* Ohicagou, as the French name for
the river, may be traced back at least to •
1679. (See"Chicagofrom 1673to 1725,"
by Dr. J. G. Shea, in the Historical
Magazine,  v.,   99-104.)    The French
le&rned it; from the Ifiiamis, the nearly
related - Weas, or the -Illinois.    " Ghicar
:&&B®&-. .tJ^.m^1i^&^W^^':id^l^l^':'-.
Indians, in 1725, is called "Chief of the
Illinois" (Shea's "Charlevoix,'' vi., 76y
note). . lit the Illinois language Cbiea-
goiaa, a0--^,ther Gravier wrot§..it, is, the •:
equivalent   of "Me^Oiappewe^,^W^'--
of Baraga, "bete puante." '*"""'] "°°
"'I infer that the appellation of a
chief qr brave—"The Skunk"—was
transferred by the French to the river,
and passed from the river to the locality
when a French post was established
there.
"'The Rev. James Evans, a Wes-
leyan missionary to the Chippeways and
Creeks of Canada, and a master of both
languages, in his " Chippeway Speller
and Interpreter," printed in 1837, gives
the same words (though in a different
notation) for "skunk" and "onion,
leek, skunkweed," that are given bj
Edwin James and Baraga, and in a footnote to "Seguug"—[Zhegahg] a*skuhk—
says: " From this the city of Chicago
derives its name.'"
From Dr. Trumbull's letter Mr. Wells
draws the following conclusions:
1. The original meaning of the word
Chicago is skunk.
2. In its uses it became a synonym
of strong, mighty, great, etc.
3. It was applied to the skunk, to
the wild onion, to a line of Indian
chiefs, to the Mississippi river, and to
thunder, or the voice of the Great
Spirit.
4. The place was called Chicago from
an Indian chief of that name, who, at
some remote period, was drowned in the
river on which Chicago is situated.
Inherited Memory in Eirdso
About twelve years ago I was residing on the coast of County Antrim, at
the time the telegraph wires were set
up along that charming road, which
skirts the sea for twenty-five miles, between Larne and Cushendall. During
the winter months large flocks of starlings always migrated over from Scotland, arriving in the early morning.
The first winter after the wires were
stretched along the coast, I frequently
found numbers of starlings lying dead
or wounded on the roadside, they having evidently in their flight in the dusky
morn struck against the telegraph wires
—not blown against them, as these accidents often occurred when there was
but little wind. I found that the peasantry had come to the conclusion that
these unusual deaths were due to the
flash of the telegraph messages killing
any starlings that happened to bs
perched on the wires when working.
Strange to say that throughout the following and succeeding winters hardly a
death occurred among the starlings on
their arrival. It would thus appear that
the birds were deeply impressed and
understood the cause of the fatal accidents among their fellow-travelers the
previous year, and hence carefully
avoided the telegraph wires; not only
so, but the young birds must also have
acquired this knowledge and perpetuated it, a Jmowledge which they could
not have acquired by experience or
even instinct, unless the instinct was
really inherited memory derived from
the parents whose brains were first impressed by it.—Nature.
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