1915-02-12; Clare Sentinel

              •
Official Paper
of
Clare County.
The  Clare   Sentinel.
The Paper With a Mission
and
Without a Muzzle.
r
Established 1878
ULAKB, MICHIGAN. FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY r2   1915.
New Series: VoL 23 No. 14
k GREAT SUCCESS
Wis  County  Teachers'
stitute of Last Week.
In-
School News.
PRQGRAjyEPLETE
With  Fine   Addresses  By  Supt.
Warriner and  Prof. Robens.
We bave had the pleasure of attending a great man> Teachers' Institutes in this and other states, but
we cannot now recall one tbat passed
off more successfully in every respect
than thf» Inspiration Institute for
tbe teachers of Clare county which
was held in the High School room in
this city last Thursday and  Friday.
Comm'r    Aldrich    had      evidently
made     very    careful   arrangements,
as  everything   went   off  exactly   according to ecbedule, to the   minutest
detail.    The leaders were both highly
instructive   as    well    as    interesting
I    talkers.    Miss Van   Leuven   and   tbe
A   High    School    Glee     Club     assisted
'   materially in the musical line.     Altogether, we are sure the   many   teachers   mast    have    returned    to    their
schools with a  bigger   conception  cf'
tbe dignity of tbeir calling, and witb j
renewed vigor for the   difficult   work
before tbem.
Much of what was said by the
instructors was of course somewhat
technical and cannot be made of interest to many readers in a report of
tbis kind. Supt. Warriner in his
talks on ''Every Day Motives in the
School Room" and "Standardizing
Educational Material" gave valuable
information regarding tbe use and
securing of material outside of text*
books in the teaching of nearly all
subjects. He called particular attention to tbe wealth of such matter to
be found in tbe advertisements of
a~y high class magazine, and gave
many suggestions for its ase in
language, geography and other
lessons. This field is one which has
been opened only in tbe last few
years, with the wonderful progress
s in the art of advertising.
*Y Prof. Roberts in his talk on "The
Personality of the Teacher," gave
some fine ideas regarding the personal characteristics of a good teacher. And it might be added that
almost tbe same attributes are required to achieve success in any profession. He insisted that a good
teacher should have a fair degree of
confidence in herself, a good physique, and common sense. She
ehould also be neat In appearance
and not ill-mannered. None bat a
person wbo possesses these qualifications in a greater or less degree can
hope to be the ideal example for the
young. A teacher should be able to
breathe, stand, sit and walk correctly.
Mr. Roberts expressed freely tbe
opinion tbat no one who is physically
handicapped in any way, or unfit,
should be allowed to teach in our
public schools. His own robust
vitality and attractive personality
gave instant weight to all the:
was said on this theme. And no
donbt the fifteen years which he has
served as head of the Normal Training School at Ypsilanti, in addition to
experience elsewhere, gives him the
right to speak with authority on this
and kindred supjects. School boards
might find food for thought in bie
mt statement that personality should be
w be the one big thing to consider in
the selection of a teacher.
"A Few Common School Evils and
Their Remedies" was another important topic considered by the same
instructor on Friday. The evils discussed were those witb wbich every
teacher is already too familiar, but in
prescribing their remedies, some new
ideas may have been brought out.
At least ideas that are not old ones
were emphasized more forcibly.
He found tbat laziness and seeming
dullness were often signs of physical
defects. A physical examination
should be the first move. Many of
these things resulted from heredity,
and the teacher should be acquainted
with parents in order to know how
to approach intellegentiy the task of
correcting the faults of the  children.
In his later talk on Improving Efficiency, be called attention to the
beneficial results of travel and also
ot reading, advising every teacher to
always have at least one good book
to read daring leisure moments
Friday afternoon W.   H. Kennedy,
president of   the  Farmers'  Institute
^ gave a vary interesting   talk  regard-
*^ing tbe teaching of agriculture la tbe
' public schools,  and gave a  reading
"How's Crops" at tbe special request
of Comm'r Aidricb.
m
WIN TWO GAMES.
....        ( Velma Vance
Editors \ HaMue Dyer
Dale White is still unable to return
to school.
The fourth graders are deep in the
mysteries of fractions. They are also learning to write letters properly.
Lola Broderick was absent from
school Monday and Tuesday to attend the funeral of her grandfather
at Shepherd.
Tommy McQivern was sick the
first of the week.
The fifth grade are studying about
the ancient Roman heroes.
The fourth grade are going to have
a Lincoln program Friday morning
and a valentine box Friday afternoon.
Both teams go to Coleman Friday
night to play basket ball.
The girls' team went to Mt. Pleasant last Friday night to play the High
School girls. They won witb a score
of 19-7.
Reed City boys came here last Friday night and were defeated by a
score of 62-18.
Gladys Lockwood i3 absent on account of sickness.
Miss Mansell is trying to teach the
freshies to say "I can!" It is a very
difficult thing for them to master.
Flossie Converse was out of school
a few days this week on account of
sickness.
Mr. W. S. Abbott, the state agent
for the British and Mercantile Insurance Company, sent here by State
Fire Marshal Hon. W. T. Winship,
gave a good account of the losses
caused by fire and how to remedy
them. He said that the losses averaged about 87.00 per second. He appointed every pupil a deputy fire
marshal whose duty was to look after the fire protection in their own
homes and also in their neighbors'.
If they found any defects to report
them to the local fire marshal. He
suggested tbat the superintendent
appoint two or three boys each week
to look after the school building.
Terry-Dyer.
Boys   Swamp
Girls Beat
Reed  City   And
Mt. Pleasant.
Last    Friday    evening     the     High
School   boys,from   Rewd   City   came
for  a  basket   ball   game    here,    but
proved   an   easy    proposition    being
able   to   run   up   only   18   points     as
against 62 for tbe    home   team.      According   to  the   Reed    City    papers,
their boys have hart little   actual   ex-
{perience   at  tbe   game   and   tbis   no
! doubt accounts for tueir   Dad   defeat.
The same evening tbe girls covered
themselves with   gi<;ry   by   trimming
I the Mt. Pleasant High School girls 19
I to 7, the game being played there.
We   believe   our   girls'   team    now
I has the right to claim the  ehampion-
I ship of central Michigan and a   game
| bas been arranged with   Owosso, the
< other contender for that   title,   to   be
played   here   next    Saturday    night.
We are also practically sure   of  having the Alma College team here for a
game witb the bovs the same evening,
making   tbe   basket   bail event of tbe
season.     Every   fau   should    be    on
hand to help win tbe two games.
Last Tuesday evening at tbe M. E.
parsonage tvev. Goatee united in
marriage Miss Josephine Terry and
Mr. Carter Oyer.
Tbe groom bas lived here for several years, being tbe son of Mr. and
Mrs. Z. Oyer, and ls now in tbe dray
business. The bride is the daughter
of Mrs. Maude Terry who now resides at Lake, and has been In Clare
more or less for some time, playing
at tbe Princess theatre until a short
time ago. They have the best wishes of all as tbey begin life's journey
together.
000 FELLOWS
Have
Interesting   Session
Week.
Last
REPUBLICAN.
County    Convention   Held   On
Friday.
The local lodge of Gdd Fe!iows|had
i a profitable seseion on Thursday
I evening of last week, tbo occasion
! being a visit from Dep. Grand Mss-
i ter Newell and Grand Secretary Rog-
I ers to hold a school of instruction.
.About 125 were present, represent-
' ing 12 lodges, besides about 50 members of tb6 R.-bekah branch of the
order here.
The local lodge went through the
routine of business and this was
done without the use of the ritual by
any of the officers and   in   a   manner
The Poetical Side of Farm Life.
Farmers'
by J. B.
(A paper read at the Round Up
Institute at Clare. Jas. 28-29. lVis
Day.)
(Continued from last week)
There is another   way in wbich tbis
association with   nature  is   revealed
and tbat is in   tbe   production  of the
crop.    The farmer prepares  tbe seed
bed   with   careful   patience,   puts   in
tb6 seed,   covers   it  nicely   and   goes
his way.    He has  done   all   he    can.
The matter of growth is in tbe bands
of a higher agency.    He is powerless
to help or  hinder   till    the    harvest. |
But did you  ever   think   tbat   God is ;
equally powerless to   grow   tho   crop!
without   tbe    agency   of   man?    Tbe '
farmer moat till   the   soil   and   plant I
DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION
Endorses    Miss    Edith   Mansell
For Commissioner.
On Tuesday tbe Democrats held
their convention at the City Hall
with a fair attendance of delegates.
Jacob Mason was made chairman
and Floyd Graham of Temple secretary and tbe following delegates
elected to represent the county at
tbe state convention to be held at
Lansing on the IStb: A. R. Canfleld,
Arthur Long, David Ward, Jobn R.
Brown and C. C. Harris.
A resolution was passed endorsing
Miss Edith Mansell, principal of the
Clare High school, for school commissioner. We do not know whether the time is past wben petitions
may be filed fcr a place' on the primary ballot, bat practically it does
not matter. Tbe name can be written on tbe ballot primary day and
one vote will do as well as a thousand.
We are not informed whether MisB
Mansell will accept or not, but if sbe
does this will add more ginger to tbe
campaign.
Index For Council Doings.
Further Notice To Farmers.
Since making the important announcement which appears on tbe
next to the last page of the Sentinel
tbis week, I bave completed arrangements wbich will enable me to
make tbis attractive offer: Commencing Monday Feb. 15 we will pay Elgin prices for cream, which at the
present time is 32c, to all farmers
who have signed and are willing to
sign tbe contract mentioned. Others
to receive the regular price whicb is
29c at tbe present time.
We will continue paying Elgin
prices to those who sign up, until we
get tbe required number of signers,
viz; 400. If we receive 400 signers we
guarantee to pay from Elgin prices
to one cent higher for a period of
one year. Oome in any time and
eigu one of these contracts. They
will be ready.
Mich. Produce Co.
Ivan E. Feighner, Mgr.
The Republican county convention
to elect six delegates to tbe state
convention at Grand Rapids was
held at the City Hal! Friday. There
was only a very moderate attendance,
due in a considerable measure to the
unfavorable weather very likely. I.
E. Hampton was elected chairman,
L. E. Davy secretary, W. L. Adams
and J. J. Saxton tellers. A committee on credentials, consisting ot Geo.
J. Cummins, S. C. Kirkbride and
Sobn Harris was appointed and then
an adjournment was taken till after
dinner.
After the report of the committee
on credentials bad been adopted at
the afternoon session, the following
delegates to the state convention
were elected by ballot: D. E.
Alward, Geo. J. Cummins, A. H.
Aldrich, B. S. Alley, Enoch Andres
and F. A. Lace.
to receive the praise of   visitors.    At ! the seed or there will be no   harvest.
12 o'clock supper was served to whicb
ail did ample justice.
After supper a general social time
was enjoyed by all. Everybody watit
borne feeling that a most profitable
meeting bad been held.
Offers Co-Operative Plan.
Alfred Rodwell.
The body of Alfred Rodwell, a former reeidentof Sheridan, was brought
here from Beaulien, Minn., where he
died at the home of his son on Feb.
4. The funeral was held at the
Congregational church here on Tuesday with burial in Cherry Grove beside the wife who died some eight
years ago. He was over 84 years
old.
Mr. Rodwell formerly lived near
Colonville for many yeara.
New Produce Co. Meeting.
The difficulty that is usually experienced in locating tbe record of any
particular tranaction that took place
some time back, will soon be a thing
of the past as far as the records of
the city are concerned.
City Clerk Andrua haa just completed the installation of a card index
system, whereby it will be possible to
refer instantly to the page of tbe i
council proceedings where any
matter came before tbe council and
also to bave access to any papers or
correspondence on the subject. Tbe
proceedings for the years 1913 and
1914 have been covered in this way,
and of course it will be a very simple
matter to keep the system in operation hereafter.
The records of the city belong to
all tbe people and ought to be accessible to anyone at any time. The
new araugemsct will make it more
convenient for an official or for a
citizen to know just what the record
shows on a given subject.
Box Social.
A meeting of tbe Farmers' Independent Produce Co. will be held at
Duncan's Hal!, Clare, Saturday Feb.
13 promptly at 2 o'clock. Every
signer is urged to be present and
every farmer that is interested in cooperation. Tbe committee has visited other points in the state where
similar experiments have been tried,
and bas valuable information to give
on tbat subject. By order of committee.        R. B. Williams.
adv. Chairman.
Read And Reflect.
We trust our citizens will carefully
read what is said pro and con through
the Sentinel from week to week concerning municipal ownership. If
this matter is to be voted on, ail desire to vote intelligently.
Baked Coods.
Boost.
If you're glad to see a fellow
Let uim know;
Grip bis band and most sincerely
Tell bim so.
Don't extend a limpid mitt
And expect to make a hit;
Pat a wholesome punch in ic—
Tell bim so.
If you have a word of cheer
Don't delay;
Say it where 'twill do some good
Right away.
Boost some fellow wbo is down,
Help to lift his thorny crown,
Let a smile replace a frown—
Start today.
The farmers of tbis community
will no doubt be interested in the an-
1 nouncement of tbe Michigan Pro-
i dace Co. regarding its plan for se-
| curing better prices for tue farmer
: on cream and produce.
Mr.   Feighner,    the   manager,    informs us tnat  he  has  talked   with a
i great many since this  plan   was   nsa-
' tared, a week or more ago,  and   that
| he is well satisfied with the   way   the
idea is being received thus   far.     He
believes    that    on    second   thought,
I many   will    agree   with   him   that  if
! equal prices can be  secured   without
the investment  of  any   money,   and
without   any    responsibility   for  tbe
success   of   tbe   enterprise,   then his
plan is preferable to   a   co-operative
company.
POPULAR STUOENT.
Alma
Record     Thus
J. L. Kennedy.
Styles
OPEN MEETING
And   Debate Given  By  Hinkle
Arbor.
Hinkle Arbor will bave an open
meeting and debate at tbe school
house on Friday evening, Feb. 19.
Tbe question will be: "Which would
be better for tbe residents of Hinkle
district, to discontinue tbe district
and annex to Clare and Farwell witb
high school benefits, or continue as
tbey are with tuition privileges?"
Able speakers on each side. Everybody invited.   Bring fall baskets.
J. E. Fitch, Secretary.
Windover School Notes.
Rebekabs will have a sale of baked
goods tomorrow (Saturday)afternoon
at Grill's store. (Fox's old stand.)
Call Mrs. John Asline in the morning
for anything desired,
Number of pupils, 14.
Total attendance, 258.
Fer cent of attendance, 91.5.
Number neither absent nor tardy,
three.
Tbe sixth and seventh grades have
started a continued story. The first
chapter was read last Monday.
We had two days' vacation last
week during tbe  teachers'   institute
Some of the pupils are   staying out
j on account of bad weatber and roads
this week        Gordon Smith, Teacher.
In its last issue the Alma Record
mentions the fact that J. L. Kennedy
bas finished tbe course at Alma
college and would occupy the pulpit
of the Congregational church at Car-
eon City uctiil September when he
would enter McCormick Theological
Seminary in Chicago. During bis
college career Mr. Kennedy took an
active part and interest in all college
work, the Record says.
It further remarks that it is
rumored tbat Mr. Kennedy
"is to be married some time in
April," Tbis "rumor" may be of interest to bis friends here.
Event of the Season.
Basket ball game for girla' championship of the state, Owosso High
School vs. Clare High School, at
Produce bouse Saturday night. Also
boys' game witb Alma College reserves. Start iit 7:30. Yoa cant
afford to miss it. adv.
At  Greenwood   Town hall  Friday
Evening, Feb. 12, for tbe  benefit of
Diet. No. 2.   Everybody welcome.
Mary Wentwortb, Teacher.
Card Of Thank*,
We wish to thank the ladies of tbe
Auxiliary   for  tbe   beautiful   flowers
whleb were  so   kindly   furnished   at
tbe time of onr recent bereavement.
Mr. Mtd Mrs. W. F. Broderick.
Experience Social.
Eagle Ladies Aid will give an experience social at the school house
Friday evening Feb. 19.     10c supper.
School Report.
Report of the Pbinisey school for
month ending Feb. 5, 1915.
Total attendance 479.
Average Daily attendance 24.
Total enrollment 26
Percentage of attendance 02.
Tbe following pupils bave been In
perfect attendance this month: En-
gene Malcolm, Sidney Oary, Milton
Converse, Lavlna Acker man, Florence Aokerman, Forrest Brewer,
Dorothy Brewer, Etaan Long.
Martha Larson, Teacher.
BREWER ENTERTAINERS
Greeted   By     Good    Audience
Monday Night.
Grocer  Has    Birthday.
Last Monday evening, J. A. Allen
was mildly surprised on coming
home to find a good sized crowd of
neighbors, clerks and others gathered to help celebrate his birthday.
He seemed to have got the impression that no one remembered ■
just wben his birthday wss.
Tbe evening was enjoyably spent |
with music and merry making. A!
lunch waa served about eleven |
o'clock.
Gives Piano Recital.
is   being
So God and tbe husbandman »re in
partnership to feed the world. We
are toid of a proposition once made
to turn stones into bread, but it was
tbe Devil made tbe propoaition and
no one supported it.
There is also an element of poetry
in the sense of dependence and trust
shown tbe farmer by the animal
creation. All domestic animals seek
the protection and companionship of
man and even thoae of untamed natures soon cease to fear and learn to
obey and respect man's dominion.
With the first click of tbe latcb on
the farmer's kitchen door in the
morning, tbe tenants of tbe farm
yard are alive and greet tbe farmer
witb a noisy and tumultuous "good
morning". The hens cackle, the
cock crows, the turkeys strut and
gobble, the pigs in high tenor, the
horses in falsetto, the cows in G below; but all the various voices are
parts of the same hymn of joyous
thankfulness and yet we call these
"dumb animals". Truly ofthe farmer it may be said "Thou openist thy
hand liberally to supply all their
wants". How uncomplainingly they
accept what he allots them. Whatever he cioes is right, it must be ao
because be does it. He walks among
bis subjects an undisputed monarch
by right, of an unwritten law of dominion granted at tbe creation; and
it is wonderful tbe extent to which
this unwritten law of dominion may
be expanded by cultivating familiarity with these dumb friends of ours,
(dumb to our methods of speech and
a careful study of their natures.
Perhaps the dog is the most familiar example of this; for the dog is
the only member of tbe animal creation tbat voluntarily chooses the companionship of man, and values it
above tbat of bis owe kind. Tbe cow
gives her life to tbe good of mankind
and crowns the sacrifice by giving
her body to the same unselfish end.
And the horse becomes tbe slave of
men and glories in the slavery, A
man boasted once that he would
"walk a mile any time to kick a
sheep." Let me give yoa an example of the influence of mind over the
brute creation just to show the extent of subjection. Imagine a yard
on a warm, sunny day in spring, a
day when both man and beast are
least disposed to exertion. "Tie a
large yard and in it are a number of
cattle lying in tbe sun and dreamily
chewing the cud. Among tbe rest
are a pair of oxen, big fellows, cne
lying in this corner of the yard and
the other over yonder apparently
asleep. A small boy comes into the
yard staggering under the weight of
an ox-yoke. He gets tb6 yoke on
his shoulder by dint of heavy lifting,
and, drawing out the bow at one end,
says "come up Buck". Tbe ox
j slowly lifts himself to his feet and
! gently submits to the yoke upon bis
j neck which means unwelcome toil.
Then taking out the bow on theother
side and holding up the end of the
yoke he speaks to the other ox,
"come under Bright", and the vast
mass of moving matter comes meekly
Monday evening found tbe seat* at
the Methodist church nearly all filled
for the third nsmber of the entertainment coarse, though there were
fewer present than for tbe second
number. A goodly number from tbe
country attend these entertainment*.
Mrs. Brewer and daughters gave
a very good entertainment and we
shall be safe in saying all went away
well satisfied. Tbe elder daughter,
Miss Ruth, is very fair ae an impersonator in addition to the musical
part abe takes, while Miae Grace
performs very creditably upon tbe
violi- and trombone. Tbe "Moving
Picture Show" by tbe two la quite a
kit. Other features of the entertainment are   quite worthy of mention.
Quite   a    little    interest
shown by the ladies of the   city,  and
others as well,  in   the  recital   which
is to be given   on   a   player-piano   at j forward, and, holding  bis   head   low
the Fox jewelry store this   afternoon j eo as not   to   strike the   ring  in   tbe
and evening. Arrangements are being made for comfortable seating and
a souvenir is to be given each lady
tbat attends. Some local talent will
also furnish vocal music, and altogether the occasion should be enjoyable.
Big Play Next Week.
A musical production, Historical
Mother Goose, will be given for benefit of Sunday School, at Cong'l
church, Wednesday night Feb. 17tb
at 8 p. m. under the direction of
Misa Ramsdeli, cf Big Rapids. About
80 children and young people will
take part. adv
Coming Feb. 18-19.
Dr. J. Leahy, the optometrist, will
be at tbe hotel Calkins on above
date. Headache cured, fitting children's eyes aopeoiaiiiy. Glasses guaranteed to fit. Difficult esses solicited.
13-2
yoke with bis born, he places him
self in the shackles of thralldom and
the pair are driven away by a boy
weighing about 75 pounds. 2000
pounds of animated matter controlled
by 75 pounds of mind.
John Burroughs cultivated such a
degree of familiarity with wild animals as to overcome most of their
fear, and squirrels and chipmunks
would climb bis legs and search his
pockets in quest of food.
Again, while the farmer is feeding
the animal kingdom, he is also feeding tbe rest of creation. But for bim
tbe avenues of commerce would be
empty-and barren, tbe shop would
be slleut, tbe church and tbe school
house empty. Let tbe farmers go oat
on a strike for one year and tbe
world would be cold and dead. I
only wish tbat tbe human creation
GsatJassa Oa Pa** Tims.
S*^^**'
FARMEnS'JNSTITUTE
Continues Live Session On
Thursday
ATTENDANCE
Was  Much Better At Afternoon-
Session.
In taking up the question of alfalfa
growing, Mr. Taylor said that be was
tbe first one to attempt its culture in
his neighborhood. Though be sowed)
this in wheat, yet tbe experiment was
a success and he cut something likt.
six tons per acre from this during
the next year. Subsequent experience had settled several things. To>
grow alfalfa land must be properly*
drained, must not be sour and must
contain tbe proper bacteria. He advised all in starting to do so on a
small scale. Thoroughly fit a small
area. Make sure that the soil ia
sweet and if not so, apply lime. If
marl can be conveniently obtained,
this will be cheaper than lime and
will aLswer every purpose. Be sure
to obtain good seed and inoculate it.
It will cost but 25c to inoculate a
bushel of seed. Either sow quite
early or olse rather late. The latter
part of July is all right. If soil is
rich, crop may be cut first year.
Crop is tot especially difficult to
cure. It may blacken a little, yet
stock will eat it greedily.
Alfalfa is rich in protein and is an
ideal roughage. For a cow of smell
capacity, alfalfa and ensilage alone
will do very well. Of course large
milkers must have grain in addition.
It is good for every kind of stock
and adds some nitrogen to tbe soil.
Its worst enemies are dodder and
June grass.
Pres. Kennedy briefly discussed
tbe subject, emphasizing some
points. Be sure to get good north-
ern-grown seed. Avoid that grown
in irrigated sections. If much of the
seed is brown, beware. Fifteen
pounds per acre will give 44 plants to
tbe square foot.
Mr. Taylor stated tbat near Frank-
enmuth there lives an old German
wbo brought seed from Germany and
sowed in 1866 and it is still growing
after a lapse of 48 years.
We lost the first part of the after-
Doon session and hence most of Mr.
Taylor's talk on "Forage Crops for
Northern Michigan." However, esse*
can easily see tbat be is an enthusiastic believer in tbe silo and in its-
usefulness in conserving forage in a
desirable form for feeding. His own
locality was 15 years ago one of the
poorest dairy sections in the state,
now it is one of tbe best. Build m>
silo sure and grow the corn tbat will
give most tons per acre. The plastered silo is al! right if properly made.
It must be kept whitewashed or it
will not be air-tight.
Prof. Bell took up tbe discussion
of "The Elements of Plant Food,"
going into tbe matter in some detail.
Plant food in the soil is vailabie only
wben it is in such shape that it will
dissolve. Wbenfa colored liquid is
poured through sand, it comes
through in the same condition.
When it seeps through muck or humus soils, very little color is left,
showing tbat tbe organic matter in
the soil absorbs the color from tbe
liquid. In the same way soil rich in
organic matter absorbs and bslde
much of tbe plant food wbich would
otherwise leach away. Plant food
must be iu solution tbat the rootlets
may take it. up and carry it ur the
stalk of the plant. Under th*> action
of sunlight, tho green material of tbe
leaves manufactures this raw material into starch and other plant
substances, and these are carried to
the growing sections of the plant.
Wben a plant is analyzed, it Is
found to consist of from ten to fourteen elements. Ten of these are absolutely essential to the growth of
the plant. They are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium and iron. In some plant*
there are one or more of tbe following four substances not essential to
plant growth, chlorine, silicon, eod-
ium and manganese. Now the soil
contains an abundant supply of all*
but three, or at most four, of tbeee
substances, with the exception or
carbon whicb is taken in by the
leave* from tbe air. The substance*
whicb are of supreme importance are
nitrogen, phophoric acid and potash
each of wbich ha* an Important
function to perform. Nftroaen
cease* rapidity of ,t»jk J^
Phosphoric acid canaea tbe plant to-
ripen and potash cau*e* tbe fro* bet
Co.*** o. a,ck p.„