1881-02-03; Saline Observer

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LE BARON & MSSLY, Proprietors.
SALINE, WASHTENAW COUNTY, MICHIGAN, FEBRUARY 3, 1881.
VOL. I-NO. 12.
NEWS SUMMARY.
....—^
Important Intelligence from All Part*
Congress.
Mr. Isgalt^s introduced a resobxtion in the
Senate on the 26th providing for the counting
of the Electoral vote in the Senate Chamber
on Wednesday February 9, at twelve, noon.
The resolution provides that "two person*
shall ba appointed tellers, on the part of the
Senate, to made a list ot votes tor President
and v ice-President as they shall be declared-
that the result shall be delivered to the President of the Senate, who shall announce the
State yotet which shall be entered on the
journals, such entry to be a sutticieut declaration thereof." Mr. ^byte ohjected to the
consideration of the resolution, and it went
over under the yules. A favorable report was
made on the bill in reference to Quartermaster stores, furnished the forces of General Lew
Wallace during the Morgan raid in Indiana
and Ohio. Considerable time was spent in
discussing the bill providing: for conferring
land on the Indians in severalty, an amendment, offered by Mr. Hoar, to confer the ri"-ht
of citizenship- on tbe Indians being re-
jeered by a vote of 29 to 12. Mr. Booth,
from, the Committee on Appropriations,
reported without amendment, the Pension
Appropriationb:ll....In the House, Mr. Wilson, from the Committee on -Foreign Affairs,
reported back adversely the bill authorizing
the President to negotiate for lands for colonization of colored persons. The resolution looking toward the establishment of a telegraphic
postal system was reported back. Bv a nearlv
strictly party vote—180 to 124—the Morgan
Electoral resolution was taken up, but the
Republicans managed, by filibustering, to indicate no quorum, present until an adjournment was effected.
Ix the Senate on the 2"th Mr. Dawes presented a petition, signed by ex-Minister Welsh,
Bishop Simpshn, Rev. Joseph Cook, Wendell
Phillips and 32,000 others, besides churches,
benevolent and other societies, representing
iu all more than 50,000 citizens, praying Congress to observe the treaties made with the
indian. tribes, and in future to do justice to the remnants of that people. Mr.
Garland .introduced a bill to establish a
uniform system of bankruptcy. The
Nil-val Appropriation bill (§14,720,M7, §259,750
having been added to the bill by the Senate)
was passed, as were also bills to authorize the
construction of a railroad bridge across Niagara River, and to establish an assay office in
St. Louis In the House the contested-election ease of Xeates vs. Martin, of the First
North Carolina District, was called up, and,
after au exciting debate, Mr. Springer demanded the previous question, bitt, the Republicans refusing to vote, the House was left
withou t a quorum.
In the Senate on the 28th the Select Committee on Diseases of Domestic Animals reported,
with an amendmeut, a bill for the establishment of a Bureau of Animal Industry, and for
the'suppression and prevention of contagious
diseases. Mr. Kirk wood (bv request) introduced a bill to aid tha United States Postal
Telegraph Company in the construction and
operation of postal telegraph lines. Mr. Blaine
introduced a bill to establish a United States
ocean mail service and revive foreign commerce by American steamships. Mr.~Wallace
introduced a joint resolution proposing an
amendment to the Constitution of the United
States changing the mode of electing President aud Vice-President of ihe United States;
the bill dispenses with the Electoral College
and provides for the election by the people
by secret ballot, by direct vote, in dis-
trietsr each State is to hare as many districts" as it has Senators and Members in
Congress, and each district to have one vote,
the vote to be canvassed by the State Board of
Canvassers, consisting of the Governor, Chief
j ustice and Secretary of State; the returns to
be made to the Speaker of the House and to
be conclusive proof of the result; the votes to
be counted by Congress in Joint Convention,
and a plurality vote to elect.   Theludian Land
bill was^debated A resolution. was adopted
in the House calling on the Secretary of State
for information in regard to the Halifax award.
A joint resolution was passed authorizing
theprinting of 50,00.) copies of the special
report of the Commissioner of Agriculture
relative to the diseases of swinoand other
domastic animals. A spirited debate took
place on a bill to place Mark Walker oh the retired list of the army; this officer was discbarge 1 for drunkenness on the eve of his retirement, and the report of the committee
states that he was at the tints suffering from
acute rheumatism. A bill for the relief of
Mrs. E- P. Page, wjdow of Captain Page, of the
United States navv, was also productive of a
lively discussion;" the amount involved is
S1.3f>,'which was due Captain Paxe upon his
resignation from the navy in 1&5I, the reason
of his resignation being that his State had seceded from the Union.
Ix the Senate on tbe 29th ult. Mr. Lamar presented the credentials of James Z. George,
successor to Mr. Bruce, of Mississippi. »Mr.
Ingalis' Electoral Count resolution proviaina-.
for counting the vote in the Senate Chamber
was taken up and, on motion of Mr. Bayard,
referred—29 to 17, a party vote—to the Committee on the Electoral Count. The bill to
confirm to Ohicaso the title to public grounds
in the Fort Dearborn reservation was pa?sed.
Several amendments to the Indian Laud-m-
Severalitv bill were adopted.... The North Car-
' olina contested-election case of Yeates vs. Martin was taken up in the House, ano\
after debate, the minority resolution declaring Martin entitled to his
seat was rejected—110 to 117, a party vote, with
tbe exception of Felton and StephensT ot
Georgia, who voted with the Republicans m
the affirmative; tbe Greenbackers, with the
exception of Mr. Ladd, of Maine, also voted in.
tbe affirmative. A resolution was then adopt-
ed—317-to 106-^declarIhg Mr. Martin not entitled to the seat, and then it was resolved—
,U&to 113-that Mr, Xeates, the contestant,was
entitled to the seat. Mr. Yeates then too* the
oath of office. Mr. De La Matyr presented a
petition, signed by twenty-two thousand persons, for steps to be taken to prevent enr
croachments of white settlers on Indian reservations.
Domestic.
Ox the 26th the special Ponca Commission
reported that the removal of the Indians from
Dakota and Nebraska was without sufficient
cjusc; that the Government had covenanted
to protect tbeir persons and^ property* and
that th-ise who have returned to Dakota are
entirely self-sustaining:, and desire a teacher
and a minister. It is recommended that one
htCffdred and sixty acres of land be given
each, person, and that the recipients be
;'fiUbje"ct to the civil and criminal Taws Of the
Terr:tory in which the lands are selected. It
is also urged that $25,000 bs appropriated for
agricultural implements, stock and seed, and
that suitable persons be employed by the
Government to instruct the Poncas in religious, educational and industrial development.
It is stated that the benefactions of Mrs.
Valeria Stone/of Boston, amdttnteaTip to the
SSth to $1,793 292.   Among  the  late   recip-
4&AS of her bounty are colleges in Nebraska,
'3£ausa#and Colorado.. ,
'' A savage blood-hound entered a New York
lumber-yard on the 27th and attacked four
men, Henrv Mantel, William Kymer, Daniel
FiteeeraJd and James Doherty, and lacerated
their flesh in a shocking manner. He had
previously bitten several other persons, and
is believed to have been mad.
A shock of earthquake was recently experienced at Montgomery, N. T.        _     .
It was r^orted-on the :27th that a hand ot
Indians Jiad been .committing^ fearful excesses -.pearSanJose, N, M. Afewdays^be-
Lethl savages k-Hod the driver of a gad-
eoach near ftiat place. 'Ihey ™f\ *l™
miners at Chloride Gulch, and l™utfto
death four persons, women and Childien,
nS San Marclftl. Four other persons were
S saved Som a similarfate by the tln|ely
arrival of some solflie.rs. i
Abaci, was introduced in the New Tork
Astmblyon the 27th providing ffiat? fiple,
fS^fresWl be laid under ground- ,;
The store Nob. 395. and 367 Broadway, New
York, occupied by several dry-goods importerswas nearly destroyed by fire a feweights
S^^lbssbclngf6D0,(W^ ^ q ■ ■ ,
VTJ^ai Ifsrgrarn elevator on the South Atlantic coast has been opened for business at
Port Royal, S. C.
TjobHB persons lost their lives in a recent
sixowfstorm near the Moiate Crifjtoroine fn
Plulrjas County, California.'
It was reported on the 28th that there had
been sixty cases of small pox among the Canadian immigrants in Union County. Dakota,
one-half of which had terminated fatally,
ihe Legislature had authorized a rigid quarantine.
Ix the case of Joel Henry "Wells, of Chicago,
who escaped from the State Insane Asylum
at Elgin, III., last spring and was returned a
few months afterwards, and who was, subsequently brought before Judge. .Moran, of
Chicago, on a writ of habeas corpus, to test
the question of his sanity, a decision has
been rendered remanding him to the care of
the officers, with a recommend that he be
sent to the Asylum at Kankakee, 111.
Ok the 2Sth a fire destroyed the Young
Men's Christian Association building and
twelve stores at West Point, Ga.
CoMinssroxER Wilmamsox, of the General
Land-Office, appeared before the House Committee on Public Lands on the 28th, and
urged the propriety and necessity for a re-
survey of the public lands.
Five men were injured, two of them dangerously, by the explosion of a puddling furnace in the works of the Phosnix Iron Com-
pan)', at Phosnixville, Pa., on the 28th.
Johk Maxwell, of Maiden, N. Y., the
largest blue-stone dealer along the Hudson
River, has failed. His principal creditors are
laborers and quarrymen.
A. Eotm-TEAR-ou) son of a Mr. Casey, of
New O.-leans, died on the 28th of hydrophobia, resulting from the bite of a dog received
on the 10th. Another of Mr. Casey's children was bitten by the same dog some six
weeks before, but no unfavorable symptoms
had yet appeared.-
Thompson' Smith, a prominent lumberman
of Eastern Michigan, was recently fined §500
in the Circuit Court atDetroit, for trespass on
public lands.
A YEitr destructive rain began in California on the 28th ult. and continued for several
days. Immense damage was done at Benicia,
Napa and Santa Cruz.
Trow & Co's flouring mill at-Madison, Ind.,
the finest in the State, was burned on the
30th ult. Loss, §120,000. Adam's cotton
mill at Bainbridge, Ga., was aTso destroyedby
fire.
At Piq.ua, Ohio, on the 30th ult. a dentist
named Harbough killed his wife and then
himself.
• The other night George Powers, of Fond
duiac, Wis., was suffocated by gas from his
stove, and his wife was found in an unconscious condition.
The schooner Red Cloud was seized at
Sandusky, Ohio, on the 30th ult., for smuggling, and her owner placed under arrest.
The late storms have caused great loss "of
cattle upon the ranges in Western Nebraska.
A erokex rail caused two passenger cars
on the Sunbury Road, in Pennsylvania, to be
thrown" irom the track on the 29th ult. Both
cars turned over and took fire. The passengers were taken out with considerable difficulty and only after thft doors and windows
had been broken in. Fifteen persons of the
twenty-five on board the train were injured,
five seriously.
The Commissioner of the General Land
Office recommends the amendment of the
laws to provide that in all entries of lands,
except for mining purposes and town sites,
settlers may deposit moneys to have surveys
made.
A eew mornings ago, while a party of citizens were present near Bradford, Pa., to see
a well torpedoed, forty quarts of glycerine
were put into a barrel to thaw, the steam
being on. The pressure of the heat became
so great that the stuff exploded, carrying
ruin and havoc in its tra"ck. The engine-
house was blown to atoms, and the engineer,
Andrew Lasher, was torn to pieces, and J. O.
Cushiug, one of the spectators, was killed by
a fly ng piece of timber. Three other persons
were severely injured by flying fragments.
Six men who were standing around the derrick were instantty killed.
The excess of exports of merchandise from
over imports into the United States, stated in
specie values, during the twelve months ended December 31, 18S0, was S192,S46,467; ended December 31, 1S79, §251,357,079; excess of
imports of gold and silver coin and bullion
for the twelve months ended December 31,
1SS0, §69,229,822; ended December 31, 1879,
§87,375,960; excess in value of exports over
imports of merchandise during the first
six months of .the current fiscal year, §161,-
6S2,913.
The pedestrian contest in New York closed
on the evening of the 29th ult., Hughes having accomplished in the six days the unprecedented distance oE a fraction over 56S miles.
AlDert's score was 558 miles;' Vint's, 550;
Krohne's, 529;   Howard's, 515%; Campana's,
425.
There are now 1,247 persons employed by
the Census Bureau in Washington, 669 males
and 578 females, besides 98 messengers and
76 watchmen. The number of enumerators
employed in taking the census was 31,265,
under the charge of 150 Supervisors.
The Talbott boys, convicted of the assassination of their father, at Marysville, Mo.,
have been sentenced to die on the gallows on
March 25.
Personal and Political.
X)x the 26th the President nominated Stanley Matthews to be a Justice of the Supreme
Court, vice Justice Swayne, resigned.
Ix the Wisconsin Legislature on the £6th
Philetus Sawyer was elected United States
Senator to succeed Mr. Cameron.
The thirtieth ballot in the Tennessee Legislature resulted on the 26th in the election
of Howell C. Jackson as United States Senator. He is a State-credit Democrat and a
member of the lower House.
The Ohio House of Representatives 'has
adopted a resolution directing the Judiciary
Committee to report what.legislation is necessary to prevent ihe consolidation of telegraph
companies.
The unveiling of the Cowpens monument-
at Spartanburg, S. C, will take place on May
11, and the President, Cabinet and Governors
of States have been invited.
Ox the 27th Ex-Governor Sprague filed his
cross-bill in the suit for divorce brought by
his wife. He charges marital infidelity, and
declares that she has driven-her eldest son
out of doors, and persistently,squandered his
property, embarrassing him in his efforts to
extricate himself from his pecuniary straits.
. Proe. O. C. Hilt,, Principal of the Normal
School at Oregon, Mo., has been selected as
Private Secretary to the President-elect. He
was a member of the faculty at Hiram, Ohio,
when Mr. Garfield w'as President of the college
located there.
" The Illinois House of Representatives has
passed a resolution urging Congress to pension the soldiers of the Florida, Black Hawk
and Mexican wars, except those who took up
arms against the Union during the rebellion.
The Republicans of the Nevada Senate
have tabled a resolution, opposing the confirmation of the Chinese treaties.
A bill has been introduced in the Illinois
Assembly providing that men convicted of
beating their wives shall receive notless than
five nor more than tweniy-flve Jashes on the
bare back with a rawhide.
The United States Senate on the 28th rejected the nomination of Robert M. Wallace
for United States Marshal of South Carolina.
A Washixgtox telegram of the 30th ult.
says it had been ascertained that Colonel
Potter, of the United States Geological Survey, who had been missing since October, was
robbed and murdered by a party of three
Greasers, one of whom is now under arrest at
Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Gexeral Johx Love, a gallant officer of
the Mexican war and during the rebellion,
died of heart disease at his home in Indianapolis en the night of the 29th ult.
It is stated that the President-elect will
take up his permanent residence in Washington about February 15.
Kixg Kalakaha and suite, of Hawaii, arrived at San Francisco on the 29th ult., en
route for the Eastern States and Europe.
William T. Thorxtox, candidate for the
office of Judge in Sullivan County, N. Y.,
offered, before election, to serve for Ssl,200,
the salary being §2,500. He was elected, and
has recently been declared ineligible, the
court holding that the pledge made to voting
taxpayers before election was a bribe, thus
disqualifying him for the office.
Foreign.
* Boring operations for the tunnel under the
St. Lawrence have been commenced at Montreal.
After a session of twenty-four hours, the
British House of Commons on the 26th passed
Gladstone's resolution to give precedence to
the Coercion bills, the vote standing 251 to*33.
Eighteex lives were lost by the foundering
of a boat at Cherbourg, France, on the 26th.
It was stated in the British House of Commons on the 27th that infected animals- had
been found among American cattle landed
since January 1, but there was no official
information of the existence of the foot-and-
mouth disease in the United States.
Maciux, one of the jurymen in the recent
State trials at Dublin, has joined the Land
League.
Shefeield, Eng., was alarmed on the 27th
by the advent of two hundred men, supposed
to be Fenians, and precautions against disturbances were taken.
The Irish Land League on the 27th summoned Shaw and. Colthurst (Home Rulers)
to resign their seats in the House cf Commons. .■ ■
The London Times of the 27th stated that
the Bank of France-was about to adopt the
silver standard to stop the outflow of gold.
Cardixal Ktjtscher, Archbishop of
Vienna, died on the 27th from an apoplectic
shock.
Sir Thomas Hesketh and his California
bride, the daughter of Senator Sharon,
reached their estate in Lancashire, Eng., on
the 27th.
A Mrs. Shepherd, of. Whitevale, Ont., recently- killed her two little boys, aged respectively three years and seven months, and
then stabbed herself fatally.
Ox the 2Sth a meeting held by twenty thousand miners at Leigh, England, was succeeded by a desperate riot, in which the hussars
charged upon the mob, injuring several persons.
Skobeleff, the hero of the late Turcoman
campaign, has been made a General of Russian infantry, and decorated with the cross
of St. George.
Placards were posted in Londonderry and
Cork on the 30th ult., urging the people not
to rise, as the time had not come. The Land
League denounces the documents as the work
of its enemies.
A plot for the dethronement of Prince
Milan, of Servia, has been discovered, and
numerous arrests have been made.
It was stated on the SDth ult. that the
British authorities had taken precautions
against the blowing up of the Salford gasworks and the poisoning of the water in the
reservoir.
The Boers of the Orange Free State have
decided to send horses and cattle to their
brethren in the Transvaal.
Twelve, fish'ng smacks were recently
wrecked in the Bay of Biscay, and forty-six
men drowned.
^	
LATER  NEWS.
Ix the United States Senate on the 31st ult.
Mr. Baldwin, of Michigan, took his seat, and
the credentials of Mr. Conger were presented.
Mr. Dawes presented a, protest from Standing
Bear and other Indians against the sale of
the old reservations. In the House Mr..
O'Reilly presented a bill providing that no
Telegraph Company shall charge more for
messages than the rates of the American
Union Company at the commencement of
this year. Mr. Springer.intcoduced a bill relative to a Postal Telegraph system. A bill
was passed to enable the Utah Northern Railroad Company to construct branches iu Utah,
Idaho and Montana. •
The Solicitor General for Ireland stated on
the 31st ult. that the Government had no
intention of granting a new trial to the traversers.
The* British War Secretary announces that
the troops sent to Natal will number 4,500 by
February 10. There were 4,000 soldiers there
before the war.
A PROSPECTus.has been issued at Paris for
a Caole Company to connect all Central
America with the United States and Europe;
with tributary land lines from Balize to Cuba.
Hughes receiv ed §4,219 as a reward for his
pedestrian achievement at New York.
Arecext Cincinnati dispatch says a woman in that city has become crazed by policy-
playing. "The Tictim is a young married
woman, who became so infatuated with this
species of gambling that she spent hundreds
of dollars, and now has gone crazy over her
losses. She constantly raves about lottery
devils,' aud refuses to forget the fiends. Her
name is Treutman. She has a husband and
two children." ,
Mrs. Geo. Stoxe and her daughter and son
perished in the flames of a burning shoe-shop
at Union, Conn., on the 31st ult.
A fire'in Philadelphia on the 31st ult. destroyed the Bethlehem Baptist Church and
Horticultural Hall, besides injuring several
residences adjoining. The loss is placed at
over §200,000.
At a caucus of Democratic Senators at
Washington on the 31sfc ult. it was resolved
not to consent to the principle established by
tlie Ingalis resolution, but to hold a continuous session to force the passage of a resolution that. tUeVice-President-has no constitutional authority to count/Electoral.votes: It
was further resolved that a concurrent resolution should be reported and passed, as a
substitute forthe Ingalis resolution, providing for a joint convention of the two houses
and the declaring pf the Electoral vote in a
manner similar to the course pursued in the
years .1819,185? and 1869.
The propeller St. Albans left Milwaukee
for Ludington, Mich., on the 30th ult. Two
hours, thereafter she was so badly injured -by
ice as to spring a leak. There were about
twenty-four persons on board who took to the
boats and reached Milwaukee. They saw the
propeller sink. She was loaded with flour,
and valued at $5O;QO0,
OCCURRENCES OF INTEREST.
A. "Wonderftil Escape.
Johbt Wilson, the miner who was buried
alive under a snow-slide, which filled the shaft
in which he was working, near Chalk Ranch,
last Friday, is not dead. Sunday forenoon
about eleven o'clock his chilled body was
hauled out of the shaft where it had lain for
forty-eight hours under twenty-six feet of
packed snow, and Wilson will live to tell to
wondering listeners a tale as thrilling, terrible
and pathetic as any ever told byDumas or
Hugo. John Wilson is a Colorado miner lying
in a cabin near Chalk Ranch, thanking, God
for the brave, true friends who dared and
did,so much to rescue him from the" grave
where he was buried alive. Mr. John Virgin, an officer of the Citizens' Mining and
Investment Company, of this city, returned
last night from the. cabin beyond Chalk
Ranch, where Wilson now lies, and gives a
graphic account of the perils which surrounded the expedition going from this city to Wilson's rescue, and also the facts of the rescue
itself. Mr. Virgin owns the claim, the Alice
Logan, on which Wilson and his partner; W.
C. Chapman, were working,, and when Mr.
Chapman brought the news of the snow-slide
on Friday night, Mr. Virgin, accompanied by
his three friends, C. W. Crews, Leslie Caldwell
and J. M. Downing, all of whom had known
Wilson in Illinois, at once started- on horseback lor the scene. It was a night of storm
and snow, and four men were going outinit,.
well knowing the peril of the trip, but dev
termined to do all that was possible in hu-"
man nature to rescue the poor fellow lying in the shaft. They believed; fully, as
all others did, that Wilson was dead, and
that the 'work of rescue would be buttheivork
of disinterring a corpse. The four men.trav-;
eled all night along a trackless course through
snow from three to five feet deep, blinded by
the storm which beat in their faces,, at one
place struggling for three hours in the deep,
soft snow to make a distance of half a mile.
They got to Chalk Ranch at five o'clock Saturday morning, utterly exhausted, and, after a
shortest, went on, leaving their horses behind. From Chalk Ranch to the cabin the
snow was from five to seven feet^ deep, and
they struggled along through this snow until
three o'clock in the afternoon before they
made the three miles to 'the cabin; • The
storm was whirling the snow in their
laces, and at times some of the party wouidT
sink down to sleep, indifferent from
exhaustion to the peril of such a course, and
others would drag them up. When they,
reached the foot of the hill on Which the
cabin stands, Virgin and Downing fell down
in the snow and were asleep in an instant.
Crews and Caldwell started up the hill to the
cabin, and several times the former fell forward asleep, only to be kicked and cuffed
into renewed efforts by Caldwell, and when
they reached the cabin Crews was almost in
the condition of the poor, pallid object lying
in ghastly slumber in the shaft near by under
twenty-six feet of snow. Caldwell made a
fire, and, returning to the foot of the hiU,
aroused the sleepers there and guided them
to the cabin. It was impossible for men in
their condition to do any work that afternoon,
and it was not until next morning^ that the
four could make their way to the shaft up the
steep mountain side through seven feet of
snow. Chapman and another man came up
during the night and the six went to work to
get the snow out of the shaft. They fastened
a gunny sack to the rope and, filling the sack,
cleaned out the shaft as rapidly as possible.
When near the bottom Chapman's shovel
broke through a crust of snow, and there,
crouched in one corner with his head fall en
forward, resting on the point of a pick, was
poor Wilson. "My God, he's alive!" cried
Chapman, as he fell back faint and sick. A
low moan issued from the bine lips of
the crouching object. The men worked
with frantic energy, and, tying a rope
under Wilson's arms, drew him out of
the shaft, and with * great difficulty got
him down the hill to the cabin. The body was
chilled and damp, the eyes swollen and closed
and the teeth clenched. The limbs were rigid,
but not frozen. The faint moan coming
through tbe clenched teeth was the only sign
of life, and while one man went for a doctor
to Robison's camp the others worked incessantly for hours, rubbing the body with whisky and camphor to restore circulation, and
getting whisky down his throat by prying open
his mouth. • After five or six hours' worlc'Wil-
son showed additional siarns Of life, and in the
course of the night consciousness returned.
Before Mr. Virgin left, Wilson could converse
and give some idea of his experience. He
says that when the shaft filled with snow
he thought Chapman was buried like himself,
and that both would die of suffocation. He
went to work with, frantic energy, trying to
climb upwards, but in a few moments consciousness grew dim, and he sank down in his
tomb to die. He knew nothing after that. The
snow was packed tightly in the shaft, but immediately around his personthere was a space
of several inches, and this furnished enough
air to prevent immediate suffocation. Wilson's escape confirms the theory that air penetrates through a »thick covering of snow in
quantities sufficient to sustain life. Wilson
was buried forty-eight hours, and had no serious bruises on his body. He will soon be: entirely restored.—Leadville Democrat.       • •
The Wext Senate.
Pollowixg is a list of members of the Senate of the Forty-seventh Congress. Those
names marked with an asterisk are new members, while those marked (t) have been reelected. Republicans (37J in Roman letters.
Democrats (37) in Italics, and Independent (2)
in smACl Capitals". The dates given indicate
the years in which the terms of office expire:
ALABAMA.
1883. Ja?m T. Morgan.
1885. James L. Piigli.
ARKANSAS.
1883. A. E. Garland.
MISSISSIPPI.
1883. L. Q. C. Lamar.
1887. */. Z. George.
MISSOURI.
1885. George G. Vest.
1885. James D. Walker. 1887. +F. M. Cockrell.
CALIFORNIA.
1885. James T. Farley.
1887. *J. F. Miller.
COLORADO.
1S83. Henry M. Teller:
1885. Nathaniel P. Hill.
CONNECTICUT.
1885. Orville H. Piatt.
1887. *J. R. Hawley.
DELAWARE.
1883. EliSaulshiiry.
1887. t T. F. Bauard.;
FLORIDA.
1885. WiUtinson Call.
1887. tC. W. Jones.
GEORGIA.
18S?. Benj. H. Hill.
1885. J.E. Brown,
illinois.
1883. David Davis.
1885. John A. Logan.
INDIANA.
1885. Dan W. Voorliees.
1887. * Benj. Harrison.
.   IOWA.
1883. S. J. Kirkwood.
1885. W. B. Allison.
KANSAS.
1883. Preston B.Plumb.
1885. John J. Ingalis.
KENTUCKY.
1883. James B. Beclc. *
18S5. JohnS Williams.
LOUISIANA.
1883. Wm.P. Kellogg.
1885- BiFratikJonm.
MAINE.
1883.- James G-. Blaine.
1887. *Eugene Hnle.
MARYLAND.
1885. James B. Groomc.
1887. *A. P. Gorman.
MASSACHUSETTS.
1883. GeorgoF-Hoar.
1887. -HI. L. Dawes.
MICHIGAN.
1883. Thos. W. Ferry.
18S7. *0. D. Conger.
- MINNESOTA.
1883. Wrh.'Windom.
1887.+S. J. ix: McMillan.
NEBRASKA.
1883. Alvin Saunders.
1S87. *C. H.VanAVyck.
NEVADA.
1885; John P. Jones.
1887. */. G. Fair.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
1883. £. H. Rollins.
1885. Henrv W. Blair..,
NEW JERSEY.    V
1883. J.R.McPhcrson.
1887. *W.J.Sewell; '
NEW YORK.    "'■    ■
1885. Roscoe Conkling.
1887. * Thomas Piatt.
NORTH CAROLINA.
1883. Matt.. W. Bansom.
1885. Zcbulon B. Vance.
OHIO.
1885. Geo. H. Pendleton.
1S87. *John Sherman.
OREGON.
1883. Lafayette Grocer.
1885. James H: Slater.
PENNSYLVANIA.
1885. Jas. 1). Cameron.
1887. (A Republican.)
RHODE ISLAND.
1883. H. B. Anthony.
1887. +A. E. Burnside.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
1883. M. C. Butler.
1885. Wade Hampton.
TENNESSEE.
18S3. Isliam G. Harris.
1887. *H. E. JacHson.
TEXAS.      ...    " f
1883. Wm. Coke.-
1887. +S. B. Maxey.
VERMONT.
1885. Justin S. Morrill,
1887. iG. F. Edmunds.
VIRGINIA.
1863. Jb7m W. Johnson.
1SS7. *Wm. Mahone.
WEST A'IRGINIA.
1883. Henry G. Davis.
1S87. *J. N. Camden.
WISCONSIN.
1885. 1MV H.-Carbehter.
1887. *Pfilletus Sawyer.
The Remarkable Activity in Railroad
Building.
Last year was the most remarkable
in the history of the American; railway
business. The earnings of the roads
were much greater than ever before.;
nearly all the lines west of the Mississippi River were brought together under
connected, systems; while the increase
in the mileage was larger than in any
previous year except 1873. Then our
excessive" railway construction was
followed by the financial crash-»of 1872,
from which it took the country years to
recover.
The Financial Chronicle published at
the beginning of the December a table
of the gross earnings of forty-three railroads for the eleven months of 1880,
compared with thoseforthe corresponding period of 1879. The figures for 1880
were $180,660,789, against $143,840,029
for 18'79; a gain of $36,820,660, or
nearly one-quarter.
In 1879 the business of railroad construction, which since 1872 had received
a serious check, showed great comparative activity. The total number of
miles of road, built reached 4,821, or
more than double the average of the
previous five years.
It was this increase of railroad building, accompanied by a vast augmentation of traffic j owing to the great
harvest, that revived the drooping
spirits of the iron manufacturers. Beside the rails needed for the mileage
added, repairs were everywhere
necessary to meet the accumulating
business. Our production of pig iron
was accordingly greater than that of
the year before by about 500,000 tops;
and it found a market at largely
increased prices. The production even
exceeded that of 1873, the previous year
of largest supply, by nearly 250,000
tons. We manufactured of iron and
steel rails nearly the same amount in
excess-of the. production of 1872, the
year* when railroad building became
a mania. Their importation, which
had dropped off altogether in 1878, rose
to 60,000 tons, while of all kinds of iron
and steel we imported about 500,000
tons, against about one-fifth of that
amount in 1878.
But the activity in railroad building
in 1879 was far exceeded by that of last
year. The addition to the railway mileage of the United Statesfor 1880 was, according to a table compiled by the Pail-
way Age, 7,207 miles;  an increase over
1879 of 2,486 miles. Tlie number of
miles added in 1872 was about the same,
7,340.*
The effect of this increase on the iron
trade was of course very marked. The
production of pig iron rose from 2,750,-
000 in 1879 to between 3,250,000 and
3,500,000 in 1880, and our importation
of pig iron was about 700,000 tons. We
produced. 1,200,000 tons of rails,- and
imported about 275,000 tons. The new
roads took about 1,000,000 tons of iron
and steel, and there was hesides an
enormous consumption for repairs to
the roads and rolling stock of the lines
already existing. As a consequence,
the iron trade has had the busiest year
it has ever known.
Of the 7,207 miles of railroad built in
1880 more than one-half, or 3,868 miles,
were laid in the States and Territories
west of the Mississippi. The rapidity
with which railroad construction is going on in that portion of the Union presages still greater increase in its population in the next ten years than the census shows in the last decade. Already
in the region west of the Mississippi
considerably more than a fifth of the
population, of the country is gathered,
whereas in 1860 the proportion was only
about a tenth.
The promise is that the railroad construction during the present year will be
even lai-ger than that for 1880.—New
York Sun.
Cnrions Fact in Natural History.
An illustration in the Scie?itific American represents the American iguana
crossing a river, the Chagres, uppn the
surface of the water, without sinking
below it.. This wonderful performance
was witnessed by Mr. John G. Bell, the
well-known naturalist and former companion of Audubon. Mr. Bell states
that as he was approaching the river he
came suddenly upon the reptile, and
alarmed it so that it sprang into the
river, but instead, of sinking, to his
surprise, it rushed along over the water,
making its claws go like lightning, so
that he could not. see them, and thus
keeping the whole body above the
Water. It made quite a foam behind,
and in about two minutes was over the
river, up the bank and. out of sight.
When it' is remembered that this animal
weighs from five to ten pounds, and has
slender claws fitted for tree-climbing,
the wonderful character of the performance will be appreciated. It is from
four to five feet long, and its general
color is green shaded with brown. It
has a strong and distinct crest running
along the whole length of the back and
tail, and a large dewlap or pOuch under
the throat, the edge of which is attached
to a; cartilaginous appendage of the bone
of the throat. The tail is long', slender,
compressed and covered with small,
imbricated keeled scales. It has a very
formidable-look at first sight, and when
irritated puts on a very menacing appearance, swelling out its throat pouch,
erecting the crest on its back, and.
lashing about with great violence. It is,
nevertheless, a harmless creature, unless
laid hold of * when it bites with considerable force. Altogether the occurrence
is a most remarkable one and entirely
antagonistic to the supposed habits of
the animal.
—Orange, N. Y., is to have a memorial hospital, conducted exclusively by
women.
In 1879, when Providence, R. I., established its now- famous wood-yard for
tramps, the outdoor relief amounted to
$7,333, and 1,143 tramps were forced to
work in the yard. During the whole of
last year only 634 tramps ventured near
the place,- while the amount of relief decreased1 to $4,736." This wood-yard has
proved the best investment the city ever
made.
» • »  •——
The- great trunk lines have recently
decided to place air-brake3 on their
freight cars, their use upon passenger
cars fully demonstrating their economy.
•  •  »  —r-
Illinois manufactured half thefarm-
ing machinery made in the United States
last year.
The Monastery of St. Bernard.
There, in the open portals of the edifice, stood a friar, proverbially fat, red-
faced and jolly, who saluted us with
his bare head." He wore a brown habit
and sandal3, and carried a bunch of keys
at his girdle. The gray-stone facade of
the monastery was draped with ivy,
and the doors were oaken and iron
studded. . . We followed the reverend
brother into the stone-ilagged entrance,
and waited there for a time until we
were ushered up «a narrow flight of
stairs into a room hung with religious
prints and pictures, and filled with shop
counters containing all sorts of articles,
which a particularly alert and bright-
eyed brother informed us, were for
sale. Do not judge this commercial
prelude too harshly. They "must live,"
and must dispense charity to impoverished applicants, no matter what their
creed. We had a practical illustration
of this a few moments after, when
emerging into the grounds, we caught
sight of a hungry group in an anteroom of the left wing, being fed with
meat and porridge to their heart's content. Most of the articles for sale are
made by the monks themselves, and the
combined pen-holders and paper-cUt-
terfc for example, contained a view of
the abbey, to be seen by closingone eye
and looking through a microscopic
opening. Then there were crucifixes,
photographs of the building and of the
brethren, rosaries, watch-charms, etc.,
and I saw an interesting relic in the
shape of a curious bit of rough statuary
in bas-relief representing three monks
of a very remote period; this was part
of the altar piece of a church long
buried in the sands of Penzance.
There was a damp and musty smell
in the corridors and chapels far from
agreeable; everywhere religious pictures
and scriptural texts meet the eye and
cause one to forget, as much as possible,
the unpleasant odor—I had almost said
effluvia. The new chapel is a high
rotunda, and in the center of the floor
is a memorial tablet to the first Abbot
of the monastery, the parti-colored mosaic setting forth his virtues and honors.
In another chappel is a gallery to which
the public are admitted on Sundays during service, and here and elsewhere applications are filed to "pray for the
soul11 of this or that brother or sister,
the black - bordered communications
coming from all parts of England,
France and America.
The apartment in which we were
most interested "was the dining-hall;
down the center extended a plain deal,
uncovered table, and at each place were
a wooden spoon,' a knife and fork and
salt-cellar. The monks eat no meat unless on rare occasions, and their fare is
literally bread and water, as a rule; occasionally table beer is served. They
seem in perfect health.
In the center of the monastery is a
grass-grown court, bright with autumn
flowers; that this formerly served as a
burial ground is shown by the innumerable wooden crosses which mark
each verdant mound, inscribed with the
name of the departed brothei*. The
effect of this "village*of the dead,11 set
in the midst of the gloomy cloisters, is
of a curiously complex character, for in
reality it is by contrast far less sombre
than they, its green verdure and bright
flowers making it a picturesque garden
'spot in the center of a prison. The
dead thus seem far better off than the
living.
Cold Snaps.
The recent cold weather has brought
up reminiscences of the phenominally
cold Winter of 1779-80, during which
one snow-storm followed another, until
the ground got so deeply covered that
pedestrianism, or travel of any sort, became well-nigh impossible. Wild turkeys froze to death, domestic fowls died
on their roosts, deer and buffalo sought
shelter in civilized quarters, and innumerable wild animals perished in the
forests, which were almost buried in a
shroud of snow. The rivers North and
West were ice-bound, and even as far
south as Nashville the Cumberland was
frozen with ice three feet thick. The
winters of 1773, 1784, 1785, 1788, 1792,
1796 and 1799 were all phenominally severe. From December, 1788, until
March, 1789, the Delaware and. Ohio
Rivers were both frozen, and navigation suspended. In 1792 snow fell two
feet deep in Ohio, and the river was so"
firmly frozen that mounted troops and
artillery wagons rode across by the
hundred.
"ColdFriday11 still forms a subject
for many a grandsire's tale of terrible
winter weather. On Friday, February
7, 1807, the day opened mild. Rain fell,
changing to snow,, and followed by a
frigid wave of unexampled severity,
and accompanied by a high wind, which
changed to a hurricane. The frozen
trees, were broken by the dozen, each
as it fell giving fortn a report like that
of a cannon. The whole land was icebound; traffic was stopped and out-door
work of every sort suspended. Many
froze to death in their beds, while the
mortality among wild and. domestic animals was equal to the ravaging of a
plague.
r  °      —     » « «   —	
Tlie Origin of Music.
A very interesting lecture was recently delivered before the Anthropological
institute, London, by Mr. J. F. Row-
bothani, on the different stages in the
development of the art of music in prehistoric times. Although, he said, the
varieties of musical instruments may be
counted by hundreds,, yet they are all
reducible under three distinct types:
First, The drum type. Second, The
pipe type. Third,. The lyre type. These
three types are representative of three
distinct stages of development through
which prehistoric music had passed and
in the order just stated. The first period
in the development of music was the
drum stage, in which drums and drums
alone were used by man. The second
was the pipe stage, in* which pipes, as
well as drums were used. The_ third
was the lyre stage, in which stringed
instruments were added to the stock.
These three stages answer respectfully
to rhythm, melody and harmony. In
the musical history of mankind the lyre
stage is never found to precede the pipe
stage, nor the pipe stage to precede the
drum stage.
—A sample phrase showing the conciseness of phonography—R u?
Authorship Without Eyes. ....    ..
The'Literary World gossips thus entertainingly on the above theme, alluding.^
first to W. H.  Prescott,  the historian: J"
Mr. Prescott1 s eyesight became serious-^
ly impaired by   an  unhappy accident; >
when he was at  college,   and for the
greater  part   of   his   life   he    could,
only . read    for    a    few    moments
at     a     time     and    could      scarce-,
ly write at all.   When, about 1825, he   .
got fairly launched   on   his   study   of
Spanish literature and history, his eyes
became worse than ever, so that he had c
to   depend   almost-wholly-.-upon  "a
"reader11   in the  investigation of authorities.  Those Were "tedious hours,11
he says, " in which, seated under some
old trees in my country residence, we  "
pursued our slow and melancholy way
over pages which aftbred no glimmer;-
ing of light to him" (his reader did not *
understand  the    Spanish   language),*'"'
" and from which the light came dimly;"
struggling to me through a half-intelli-
fible vocabulary.1'   Mr. Prescott would
o his first   composition in his  he'ad
while taking the five-mile walk which he
made a regular feature of every day.
This rough  mental   draught  he  then
committed  with  equal  roughness   tov
paper, by means of an ingenious writ-"."
ing-maehine—the type writer was not
then   invented—making   however,,   a'
manuscript so illegible "that it required7"
a trained  secretary   tosdecipher  and
copv  it.    This   copy  was ..afterwards
read to him over and over for final revision.   Authorship under such conditions was slow andpainful.   It took .ten. .
years to get the "History of Ferdinand
and Isabella" ready for the press and-
ten years more of equally unremitting'
labor were devoted to the  " Conquest
of  Mexico"   and  the   " Conquest-of =
Peru."
Milton became totally blind, when he
was forty-four; not until after the composition of many of his poetical writings,  but  before   the composition of
"Paradise Lost"  and  ^Paradise  Rer
gained." both of which were meditated
and dictated from behind sightless eye's.
Singularly, his eyes remained perfectly
clear and without spot, mark or disfig- -
uremeut  of   any kind.   Much of the ■
reading to him, and of his dictation w;as
done in the early morning hours before
his rising.   Munkacsyrs great painting
of " Milton Dictating ' Paradise Lost'
to His Daughters in  H5s  Blindness," _■
now in the Lenox Gallery at New York
preserves an historical expression   of
this   experience   and the  "Sonnet on
his Blindness" will forever be remem-.."
bered, if .for no other reason, because
of the   celebrated  line  with which it
ends:
" They also serve who Only stand and wait.1'
 .     o    »    «      — ——
That Frozen Pipe.  . .._■ ,
When a plumber plumbs a new house
he makes provision for the freezing of
the water pipe at some point under the
house. It is always at some point which
can be got at by opening a trap-door*
and crawling less than half a mile
through the darkness. You begin the
winter with the feeling that you will
neither borrow nor lend a pail of water,
but will stand ready at all times to sympathize with a neighbor who gets up in
the morning to find his pipes as dry as-;
a bone. Just as the feeling begins to
put f«t on your ribs you go home to
dinner to be met by the cook with the
remark: -..-.-"
" I guess the water has all run out of
the river, for I-.can't get a drop to cook
with." '       -
You turn the faucets this way and
that. There is hope that she doesn't
know how to draw water, although she'
has been in the house for three years.
There is. a sighing in the pipes as. if they,
had met with some great sorrow down
in their depths, but no water appears.
Under these circumstances it takes,,
only ten minutes to come to the conclusion that the pipe is frozen somewhere. Ten. .minutes more spent in
deep reflection will convince you that
the guilty point is under the addition
where the pipe leaves the ground to
enter the kitchen.
All you need do to is" to get a eandle,
a hammer, a pine, stick and a hot flat-
iron. After you have crawled under
and bumped your head on the Tirick columns and raked your back on the joist
and barked your knees on the old iron
hoops which always take np lodgings
under a house, you put the flat-iron to
the cold water pipe. It is no use to
try to iron the wrinkles out of a water-
pipe. The most you can do is to heat
the pipe, and no man was ever known
to persist in that idea over ten minutes
before adopting the other. Take your
hammer and drive the nail into the pipe.
By drivingnext to the floor and close to
the ground you can tell if the pipe is frozen between. The nail-holes are easily
plugged up with pine. When you have
come as near as may be to the frozen
spot hold the flat-iron on the pipe and
settle down for ten minutes of medita-.
tion.. You won't have traveled down
memory's lane over half a mile before
something will' happen. The pipe will
burst exactly on a line with your eyes
and you will have cause to wonder all
the rest Of your life how a gallon of
water could have collected at that one
point for your benefit.
Some men can close a* ourst in" a lead
pipe by use of a hammer. You "can't,
and so you must crawl out for, rags,
crawl in to wind them over the spot,
yell for string, whoop for the water to
be shut off and crawl out with icicles
hanging to your ears and a raging desire in your heart to shed blood. And
yet, when you come to shake your fist
under the plumber's nose and offer to
lick him for two cents, he kindly replies:
" Burst in the pipe,  eh?   Well, I'll
have a man there the first
week."—Detroit Free Press.
thing next
—A correspondent wishes to know
whether it is in the interest of healthy
hearing to wear the closed-up ear muffs
in cold weather. We do not know, but
he might try a pair of open-work norse
collars. And you know, when you put
on ahorse- collar.you must tui'n it upside down, so. that it will go on easily.
 . m   .   m    '■ ■
—" I want you to put on a new pair
of '"heels to these boots," said Dr. Ipecac
to the shoemaker. " Why don't you
do it yourself, doctor?" asked old Wax-
ends. " I?" said the doctor, in astonishment. *' Why, yes. Do'es riot the
good book say, 4 Physician, heel thyself?" ..  ...
IWiWfiitoSBiitoiiiitt^fiHtoi i