1881-10-20; Saline Observer

              w
MJFLYNH, I1S3.
■TREE OS'
INfCHANI'J
C0_KtP0UMD.
:._:.r¥-u:.i:vel.-'.jnysteries,
-..'...   -•'.«;  i:c *•"«■ {__!,'»
t"s *?r.4h*- "-V-iite -lousp.
*'«»■.*  -Si.-5-.- t~r.>fatt)iHt,
■.'.- *. ' ?„■_ for circulars
_ ..   . -"j ^ (.'ItaTI'iV to :r.'J-:-' msr.ey^
I ST ST. Clark-st, GHcaso, HI.
| "_Q SEET. THE ETEE 02
PH goo n
<£&ff-3i_3   iSaaafciF
-islienth and Burial.
:JVr.'rs:-; of fiiB>
Pti::ra?Ts of his Wife
H;'-^";"?i". -i * C.^lne?; Scene
■' „.->:<::■ t. Th-- Funeral Pa-
-.-i r-irli-ntie work.
|<*r Asms-* first In the
•SSc. Sp-Mfc qaiefe.
53SOS., Chlcaio. 111.
tiiMiMl Ii_
|BMSPQRTITiG*i
Hailroad. News,
loaflTray, XewTork.
|ostag;e free.
^■-r, _».,-   f!,e J7/f;*>«••—
»• :, i'..- t'.w«»-a. Ope.
•"?,»'"-"",of thri.iia»
.yjt.:.->tfxr M-HIns-
,.     ,.   -\? ."•"•>   '-»*-t£t. 31 CIS.
I-* • -*""■ ■---■■J*, r. sr. Louis.>Xo.
,0001
lALE  J3Y  THE
"?tS^_
fl
fa!! information FREE.
•M. ft, Bm Lincoln, Neb.
and ~M1&-^r&ie
HSEASES
f»IsoaIng- of the Blood.
[!BD CUBE.
1 For sale by all Brngglsta..
m PILLS ^Icf
issg - ?h- b:f/f>(jjn theea-
IA'.;.- p'Tion wiio wiata&e
i» -H-^'.-ii- Ktav- i>a restored
. ... t- pos5**>i». Solder-
|- a httf-r stamps. I, s.
Ii. f'JKQtjrii- Bangor.Me.
FOR AGENTS.
g&RB'flNEWBOOf.
n IS BZSXBBB1X
llHEMSV,
, THE PAUPER."
I __5 e£i.-rsro_ tie bctte___es
J   'Jli _5»„;» ti;:. _es promptly
W%_ *-~" 3 s*os to ia tha fac-e.
J '■? ?irr_I-rs rn,* fcn-s to
lEY, "PnMIslier,
■Struct, Ck.euSo, III.
fQR THE LIFE OF
CO?IP£,2-X*E.
....THE   BEST I
It ./j cts.   'iv-rnis to agpnts
Ifs'i   S"U'i for c'renlar,
l^io. A.idr.-»R_ yr. tst.
. Afiaaia bt., Chicago, 111.
ISTER SUPPLIES^
fcc.   Caial'jgue free.
■Summer Si, Boston* Mas.,
Illy in a very
lie acting on
■producing* a
Is for a ojTi-
lent .postage
IMmore, Md.
land FAMILY hCAUS.
■ Vt<<s.    f-<-li'3iit«I.SO,
■ci__i. (.<»., C-Ooinaaci, O.
J l>r-. Shu«e'* New
|ji-'-jjg Co.. Toh dt>.Q.
te;»^_53t
Ibmgeco".' ciH'Ti.oT
|».   C.atalo.a«F|4«.
J'.''*'"•"■''Vis., forc'rctxT
|JJt.ss.«,?,ssCwtt«:GB.
"843*"^*;
\OVHSMTXSMXtH,
' ^«fi'e.*'ri«eMie»«    ^
l^rlstnta suS Wcatnessen
tst ftnialo popnlatlon.
j trorct fcrmcf Female Com.
-.IsilansEHsticm and THeera.
-:eatg, andthe censeq_enl
■rai-::ealarjy adapted to th_
le. tcsacrf from the- -aterua in
Isii-nt. TJ-o tenaeceyto can-
Ic^-e2 Tery speedily tsyitansg.
fa-c-sej-, dastroysallcraTiiig
IsST-vakners o. tha rfomacli.
K_vs, >,*erroas rrcstration,
psn-ss, Bc-pressioa aci in^.
I-1.-TT2.causing pain,weic-St
r^anent'y cared byits nse.
^!er aU cireamstences act ia
fc - jrcTcra rhe female system.
|ostr>irfcta of either sex this
ITS TESBTABIE COST.
■3 and £35 Western ATenue
|bcttIesforS5. Sent by mail
a tie fcr-a of lozenges, oa
: for either.  JIrs. Prnkhan. •
r'-i-y-J"- s?ai forpamplf
\iKtitn. this P.zver.
^oxA-£X3lAS. PISKHAJPS
- coDsticEtioa, biliou^saa.
SS ceatai^r bos.
\mi l CO., GMcagtt, HI
"DaiTSGtlSTS.
for IHABTF CLEMMER'S
t_a," "ziclGjUnir a historv of
IDEATH OF *
■IM
l.w«w~WW*IWB8j^gM!-W
~i
U
wmM
;■ ■<:»--<as*»<7'jj'^~'y'.«..-«'S yy-'-'V?-.-. ! =>'..j;>^.-„-
LE B1R0N & KJSSLY, Proprietors.
SALINE, WASHTENAW COUNTY, MICHIGAN, OCTOBER 20, 1881.
VOL. I-NO. 49.
rmportant iDtelligenc&from All Parts,
Tlie II, S. Senate.
EXTRA   SESSION.
Mr. KELT.0GG "offered a resolution on the
32th calling* on the Secretary of State lor all
papersoirfileta IrMdepartment relating to the
seimng^f oneVicfenzoEibello, an Italian, in
the city of New Orleans, in June, J SSI, bv one
James Mooney, and also all the papers relating* to the subsequent extradition of said "Vi-
cenzo Eobelio. Mr.Edmunds thought the resolution should be addressed to the President,
as it might include in its provisions some
diplomatic papers between the two Governments ; he asked that the resolution lie
over one day under the rule. The resolution
Tvaslaid-o.yer..-.-,Mr. Edmunds called up his
"resolution continuins for the present session
the btandms Committees of the Senate, as
cortslntutea last session. After some opposition by Mr. Garland, Mr. Edmunds said he
would not then press the. resolution. An executive session was held.
Ox the 13th; Mr. Edmunds called up his resolution continuing the Stnnaing Committees
as constituted last session. An amendment,
offered by Mr. Garland, to limit the resolution to a few of the leading committees was
rejected—33 to 3T—Davis (111.) and Mahone
voting with the Kepublicans inthe negative.
Mr Edmunds' resolution was then adopted—
87 to *d5 Mr. Logan  offered a resolution for
the election of Mrr Davis (111.) as President
pro tem. Mr. Pendleton asked that the resolution lie over one day under the rules. .So
ordered. After an executive session was
held Mr.^PendletOn "stated"tBat. atpon reflection* and consultation with* Se'natnrs on
his side pi, the chamber, he had concluded
to'withdraw bis objection to the immediate
consideration of the resolution pi-oposing
tlje election of Senator Davis as President
protdm. Mr. Jones (Fla.) then opposed the
adoption of the resolution in a brief speech,
after which a vote was-«4aTcen, resulting in 38
yeas to 3i nays, Bayard and Davis (III.) not
voting. Mr. Davis was then escorted to the
chair, and made a brief speech, in which he
said the high honor conferred upon him came
without any expectation on bis part; if the
compliment had carried any party obligation
with.it, he should have felt constrained to decline it,... .On motion of Mr. Edmunds, the
thanks of the Senate were expressed to Mr.
Bayard for the dignity aud impartiality with
-which he had presided during the short period
he had occupied the chair. ...Mr. Keliogg's
resolution calling for papers in the case of
Vincenzo Eibello was adopted, • after being
amended so a? to-be addressed to the President, insfeeadof'theSecretary of State....The
resolutionufor striking* a^rold medal in honor
of theTiatePresident Garfield was referred to
the Gotnmittee^ On Library....Mr. "Voorhees
offerect a resolution, which was referred, re-
G*itlng.thatfbe*. regulations of the Cincinnati
Post-Qffteq as to the age of elerks excluded all
Uniort8ol3"&-3. and directing the Committee
of Po3t-oJficesandKoads to inquire by what
law ottauthoritysueh. rule had been approved
by thtfPostm&ster-Geheral.... Ad journed.
A BEgS'EBTiON,. offered the; day before by
Mr. Lamar, was adopted on the 14th, requesting: the JPi-egident to advise the Senate whether
any action had been taken by the Government
since the last session of the Senate toward
protecting, the rights and interests of the
Unite- States in the project of tbe Inter-
oceanic Canal—A resolution, offered by Mr.
Edmunds, was also adopted, directing the Judiciary Committee to inquire whether the proceedings for the extradition of Vincenzo
Itibello had been prepared in aceord-
an e with law....Mr. Morgan offered a
resolution, which was adopted, calling
on the Sec.-etary of the Treasury for
a "copy'of the orders made by him since
the 2Sth of July relating to the payment of
Senators and officers of the Senate, together
with reports ox* decisions Of officers ofthe
Treasury'Department touching the power of
the Secretary of the Treasuryi norderlng payment... On motion of Mr. Bayard a recess
wa^s taken to enable the presiding officer and
members Of the Senate to extend cordial
greeting to the Erench and German guests of
the Hatlon, who had visited tha Senate Chamber After the recess, the visitors having
retired, the Senate, after an executive session,
adjourned. • -        ;
The session on the loth was very brief, and
the proceedings were devoid of general interest ...In executive session the nominations
of JToah C. McFarland, of Kansas, for Commissioner of the General Land Office; W. Silver, of Indiana, for United States Consul to
Cape Town, and a large number of Postmasters were confirmed.
Domestic.
By the sudden breaking out of a fire in
the lower portion of a manufacturing estab-
liahment in Philadelphia on the night of the
12th the means, of egress for the employes
n the upper portion of the building were
cat off. and many of them jumped from the
windows and were seriously burt, and
others perished in the flames, the most of
the victims being; girls, The death-list was
.•fated oil the loth at about twenty, several
bodies being 3tlll in tbe ruins.
A. Little Eock (Ark.) special of the 12th
says John W. Huddlestont one of the party
who assisted in tbe recent capture of the
train-robbers, and who hadbeen accused of
having appropriated the bulk of the stolen
money, had published a card denying the
charge. He says. "I did not get any
money from the train-robbers, which I can
prove by all the men who helped to capture
them.. J -will prove the charge false by affidavits of all the parties." •
The sixth biennial International Conference of the Women's Christian Association
met in St. Louis on the 12th. Nearly 200
delegates were present. Mrs". John Mc-
Doug.il, of Montreal, was re-elected President, Mrs. A. H. Francisco, of Philadelphia,
Vice-President, and Mrs, Miles Sells, of St.
Louis, Secretary. Twenty-two associations
were represented.
The explosion of a coal-oil lamp In the
town of Kokomo, Col., on the evening of f.he
13th, caused nearly the complete destruction of the place. r The loss was placet*; at
$"400,000.   Eighty families were homeless.^
Tiie Chicago Board of Trade has voted to
increase the initiation fee for admittance to
membership in the* Board to ?5,00t).
C0Nifjem.ra.te bonds of the par Value of
$500,000 were received on the 13th by an
attorney of Sew York, who was buying for
London stock-brokers.
The Chicago Times ot the loth says complete reports by telegraph to that paper
from the great com belt of the "West sbowed
that the crop was in an unsatisfactory condition. In Illinois, Indiana and Iowa considerable damage had been done by recent
prolonged rains, and the crop would probably fall twenty to thirty per cent, short of
an average, the quality being inferior also.
In Missouri, Nebraska and Kansas the rains
had been, beneficial in the main, and hopes
wem. entertained that the yield would be
heavy.
Edward j. Kino, and Joseph H. Kain,
Philadelphia grain broker,, suspended on
the loth; liabilities small. Washington
Butcher's Sons had resumed business, and
were paying all demands in full.
The total value of the breadstuffs exported from the United States for tbe nine
months ended September 30, last, was
$-77,-82,349, against $209,354,277 worth
exported during the corresponding nine
months of last year.
The Garfield Mdnument Committee estimate the cost of the marble at $200,000, of
which Cleveland is expected to contribute
$§0,000.
/The total taxes levied upon the city of
New York for the year are $31,071,840, the
rate being 3.62 per cent.
Up to the lptli Secretary Windom had received over $5,000,000 of the three and one-
half per cent, bonds for redemption under
•the reoent offer.
The International Conference of tbe
Women's Christian Association, wbich bad
been in session at St. Louis for several days,
adjourned on the 15th, to meet again at Boston two years hence, the exact day to be
fixed by the Boston Association. Mrs. C.
E. Springer, President of the St. Louis Association, was chosen to preside over the
next Conference.
A roll of dynamite sufficient to have
blown a train to atoms was found on the
track of the Baltimore & Ohio Koad at Zaues-
Yille, O., on the 15th.
The weather was so hot at Yorktown on
tbe 16fch that fifty members of the 2sTew Jersey battalion dropped from the ranks after
landing.
Personal and Political.
President Arthur on the 12tb sent a
number of nominations to the Senate.
Among the number were W. W. Dudley,
of Indiana, for United States Commissioner
of Pensions; ifoab C. McFarland, of Kan-"
sas, United States Commissioner of the
General Land Office, and General Charles
H. Howard, of Illinois, Indian Inspector.
' tDR. J. G. Holland, the '.p'opular ]Sew
England poet and writer, who has been the
editor of tbe Scribner's Mbnth'y, and was to
be the editor of its successor, The Century,
died in-New York ou the morning ofthe
12th.   He was sixty-two years old.
The New York. Democratic State Committee has chosen Daniel Manning, of Albany, Chairman.. Ex-Mayor Cooper, of
Sew York, has been chosen Chairman of
the Executive Committee.
The Kepublicaus of the Twenty-seventh
_>TeW*York District have nominated James
W. Wadsworth to succeed Senator Lapham
in the lower bouse of Congress.
A CALL has been issued by the Industrial
League of America for a -National Tariff
Convention to m?et in Chicago on the loth
of 2f ovember.
The Massachusetts Prohibitory State
Committee on the 13th nominated Dr. John,
Blackmer for Lieutenant-Governor^ v'ce
Earl, deceased.
Amoxg- the nominations sent to tbe Senate by the President on the 13th were the
following: Hannibal Hamlin', Minister to
Spain; Walker Blaine, Third Assistant Secretary of State; Mark S. Brewer, of Michigan,,-Consul-General at Berlin. Mr. Hamlin's nomination was promptly confirmed by
the Senate.
At a meeting of ex-Confederates at Ba-
leigh, if. C, ou the 13th, resolutions were
adopted accepting in good faith the results
of the war; denouncing the assassination of
President Garfield and condoling with his
afflicted family.
Lorillard's Iroquois won the Newmarket (Eng.) Derby on tbe 14th, in a
canter.
GtiiTEAtr was formally arraigned before
the District Court at Washington on the
14th. He plead ' "not guil ty,'' and wanted
to make some remarks, but Was refused.
The day for the beginning of the trial was
fixed for JTovembcr 7.
Another postponement of two weeks
was granted to Ihe defendants In the Star
mail-route cases on the 14th.
AT Bradford, Pa., on -the nigbt of the
13tb two burglars attempted to break the
lock of a torpeJo factory, when a dynamite
explosion occurred, and both were blown
into fragments.
AVhile Guiteau was in court on the 14th
a large-sized man, who afterwards gave bis
name as George H. Bethar, approached one
of the court officers and asked for the loan
of a pistol, nis inquiries roused suspicion,
and he was taken to the police headquarters. He there said he wanted the pistol to
kill Guiteau. Bethar said he fought In
General Garfield's regiment, and showed
wounds in his legs and on the side of his
head. He produced a lawyer's diploma in
order to obtain admittance into the court.
AMONG the nominations sent to the Senate on the 14th was that of John G. Walker,
of Iowa, to be Chief of the Bureau of Navigation of the Isavy Department. Walker
Blaine, son of tha Secretary of State, was
confirmed as Third Assistant Secretary of
State.
Mr. Scoville,. Guiteau's brother-in-
law and counsel, in some remarks in the
court at Washington on the 14th, indicated
that the line of the defense would consist of
the plea of --insanity" and the plea that
the pistol did not necessarily cause death.
ON the 13th the Nebraska State Democratic Convention met at Omaha and nominated W. H. Munger for Supreme Judge,
and Alexander Bear andT. L. Brass for Regents of the University.
The Erench and German visitors, including the descendants of Marquis de La
Eaye'.te and Baron Von Steuben, were accorded a hearty reception at Washington
on the 14th, t»y the President, Cabinet and
Senate. In the evening the Capitol and city
were illuminated, and a display of fireworks
wasmade in their nonor.
T. P. O'CONNOR, M. P., a delegate from
the Irisb Land League to raise funds in the
United States, arrived at New York a few
days ago.
General Fremont has resigned the Governorship of Arizona. _
A COLUMBUS (Ohio) dispatcb of the loth
says complete returns from the recent State
election give Foster, Bepublican candidate
for Governor, a plurality of over 24,000.
Legislature largely Republican.
The recent State election in Iowa resulted in favor of the Republicans by a
plurality^of 40,000. The Republicans have
a majority in the Legislature on joint ballot
ot 88, a loss of 4.
Senator Mahone was arrested in Washington on the evening of the 15th, on the
charge of having accepted a challenge from
General Jubal A- Early. He was conveyed
to the residence of Police Judge Snell,
where he stated that all differences had
been harmonized, and was released on his
personal bond to appear on the 17th.
GOVERNOR Wiwz, of Louisiana, died on
the morning of the lGth, of consumption,
a^ed thirty-eight years. Samuel D. MeEn-
ery, Lieutenant-Governor, succeeded him
as Governor df tbe State.
The subscriptions to the fund for the
benefit of Mrs. Garfield and family were
closed on the 15th. The grand total subscribed amounted to $357,851.
Captain H. II. Riddmsberger, the
Readjusler, and Congressman George D.
Wise fought a duel about ten miles from
Richmond, Va., on the 15th. "Pour shots
were exchanged without either of the combatants being hurt, after which mutual explanations were made and an amicable adjustment was reached.
Prof. King and a Signal Service representative made a balloon ascension at Chicago on the afternoon of the 13th. The
whereabquts of the air-ship was Unknown
tip to the morning of the 17th, though It had
been seen passing oyer Wi«coniin>
Foreiarn.
The Department of State in Washington
has been recently informed that it was expected the deficit of the wheat crop in
France would be 58,000,000 bushels, which
must be supplied mainly from the United
States, the crop of neighboring countries
being far from what was anticipated. The
wheat crop of Algeria was in a deplorable
condition.
Joseph P. Quinn, the Secretary of the
Land League in Ireland, was arrested at
Dublin on the 14th and sent to jail.
Four Nihilists, concerned in the publication of a revolutionary newspaper in St.
Petersburg, have been recently condemned
by the court, and three, including a woman,
were exiled to Siberia, and one to four
months' imprisonment.
The hurricane,whichprevailedthroughout
England on the 14th was the most disastrous
for many years," very few places escaping
damage. In London the parks were strewn
witb fallen trees, and steamboat traffic was
suspended in the Thames. Forty-five persons perished in fishing-smacks off the coast
of Scotland. The British steamer Cyprian
was wrecked on the Welsh coast, the loss of
life being twenty-two.
Several prominent Land-Leaguers were
arrested in Ireland on the 15th, among them
being John Dillon, member of Parliament
from Tipperary; Mr. William O'Brien, ed^
itor of United Ireland, the Land-League
organ, and Mr. James O'Kelly, member of
Parliament for Roscommon. Secretary
Forster issued a proclamation threatening
with arrest all persons who participate in
"boycotting," At a meeting held in Belfast, which was attended by 3,000
persons, including twenty priests, a
general strike against rent was advocated. A similar meeting was held
in Limerick. Several outrages had been reported during the previous few days. Proclamations forbidding a called meeting at
Limerick were torn down early on the
morning of the lGth. The commander of
the Scots Guards warned the Mayor that
any assemblage" would be suppressed.
Crowds gathered outside tbe town and soon
brought on a conflict. The troops
charged several times, and iinaUy
drove the people through George street.
The police in Denmark street fired
ou the mob. Many houses were
wrecked, several persons wounded, and
twenty arrests made. The club-house was
subsequently attacked, the windows smashed
and the street-lamps extinguished. In
Dublin a mob attacked a Congregational
church and destroyed the windows. All
officers of regiments in Ireland were ordered to duty immediately. All parts of
the island were reported quiet on the night
of the 16th.
parxell nr prison.
I.ATER  SEWS.
During the past seventeen j'ears there
has accumulated in the New York Sub-
Treasury $1,SOO,000 in unclaimed postal
money-orders, mainly caused by misdirection.
Guiteau's counsel, Mr. Scoville, appeared before Judge Cox bn the 17th to ask
for a decision on the question of expenses
for witnesses. Judge Cox said there was a
fund for the purpose, of paying witnesses
under the control of the Attorney-General,
and that he would address him a communication on the subject. That was all be
could do in the matter.
Proe. King, accompanied by a Signal
Service representative, made a balloon ascension at Chicago on the afternoon of the
13th. The whereabouts of the air-ship was
unknown on the morning of the 18th. It
was known to have gone in a northwesterly
direction, and was reported to have been
seen in Dakota on the 17th.
A Yorktown (Va.) dispatch of the 17th
says boats were arriving there from all
points, conveying vast crowds of people.
The town was full of thieves, aud all kinds
of gambling were indulged in.
In the United States Senate on the 17th
the President pro tem. announced the .following appointments to fill vacancies »bn
committees: Foreign Affairs, Aldrich and
Lapham, in place of Burnside and Conkling; Finance, Aldrich, in place of Bum-
side; Commerce, Miller, of New .York, in
place of Conkling; Military Affairs, Hawley,
in place of Burnside; Judiciary, Teller,
in place of Conkling; Po3t-offices and
Post-roads, Miller, of New York, in
place of Platt; Education and Labor,
Aldrich, in place of Burnside; Engrossed
Bills, Miller, of New York, in place of Conkling; Transportation Routes to the Seaboard, Lapham, in place of Platt; Enrolled
Bills, Sewell, in place of Platt; Privileges
and Elections, Lapham, in place of Teller.
At the suggestion of Mr. Morrill, the names
of the new members of the committees were
placed at the foot of the list." After an executive session the Senate adjourned to the
21st.
In Limerick, Ireland, on the evening of
tbe 17th three companies of -he 67th regiment escorted the Land-League Treasurer
to jail. On the way the householders threw
stones, and the police fired upon the mob in
High street. Twenty-three porsons were
in hospital with bayonet wounds. Rioting
was renewed in Dublin, where the police
were compelled to retreat over Carlisle
bridge under a shower of stones. At Charle-
ville, in the County Cork, where a raid was
made on the constabulary, the Riot aet
was read, the military cleared the streets,
and thirty-five arrests were made. Parnell
was in the prison infirmary at Dublin, with
Dillon, Sexton and O'Brien. The headquarters of the Land League had been
transferred to Liverpool. Biggar had fled
to England. A magistrate in Dubliu stated
from the bench that the police had'orders
to fire no more blank cartridges. Seven
•officers of branch Leagues had been lodged
inNaas jail.
In the hurricane which recently devastated the coasts of the North Sea and German Ocean more than 200 lives were lost,
and $40,000,000 worth of damage was done to
shipping, dockage, buildings, etc. France,
Germany and the Netherlands also suffered
largely.
Mr. O'Connor, member of Parliament
for Galway, Ireland, Mr. Parnell's representative in the United States, was accorded
a very enthusiastic reception by the Irish
citizens of Boston on the evening of the 17th.
He was introduced to the audience by Mayor
Prince. Wendell Phillips and other distinguished gentlemen addressed the meeting.
The Chicago Journal of the 17th states
that Drs- Moses Gunn and Edmund Andrews, who were named in Mr. Scoville's
affidavit as having expressed the opinion
that President Garfield's death was due to
malpractice on the part of the physicians,
indignantly denied the allegation, and characterized it as a piece of downright impertinence. They did not think there was any
malpractice in the case.
The *Land-"Leajrue Executive Arrested at
Dublin on a Warrant Signed by ITprster,
Chief Secretary of Ireland—Intense Excitement Caused by the Event—The Xand
"League Issues an Address.
Dublin, Oct. 13.
Charles S. Parnell was arrested to-day at
Morrison's.Hotel, where he was stopping,
previous to starting for the Kildare Convention at Naas. Inspector Mallon called at-the
hotel at 9 o'clock this morning, and sent up
word to the Land League leader, who was
still in bed, that he would like to see him.
The hotel porter returned word he would be
happy to see the Inspector as soon as he was
dressed. Soon after he sent for Mallon,
Avho with Detective Sheridan went up stairs.
Parnell met him pleasantly, and asked. "Do
you intend to arrest me?" "Yes," replied
Mallon, handing him the warrant, still wet
with Forster's signature, for the Chief Secretary only returned from London by the
morning mail at 8 o'clock. Parnell then
glanced over the warrant and said, "All
right." He put on his bat and walked
down stairs with the policemen. A cab was
waiting at the door, and the three men entered it. "Kilmainham," cried Mallon to
the driver, and the*y drove off. There were
four other policemen in citizen's clothes in
another carriage. On arriving at Kilmainham, Parnell was at once assigned to a cell.
There -was no demonstration) as no one
knew about the arrest beyond the parties
concerned.
the cause of the arrest.
Parnell was arrested on two warrants
signed by Forster, Chief Secretary of Ireland, charging him with inciting the people
to intimidate others from paying their just
rent, and with intimidating the tenants taking the benefit of the Land act.
It is believed that Parnell's speech at
Wexford, on Sunday last, furnished the
Government technical justification for the
arrest.
AN ADDRESS BY THE LAND LEAGUE.
The following has been issued from the
Land League headquarters:
The condition of things at this hour is awful. Great indignation gathers force as the
moments fly, and there is no telling when it
may break or what its-consequences maybe.
Tbe "Land League "Executive is at this moment sitting, 'with John Dillon in tbe chair.
The worst is being prepared for. It is rumored the Government will take military
possession of the l_and League headquarters
and proceed to the utmost extremity of brute
force to repress tlie organization. Calm but
deliberate and decisive action can be looked
for from the men at the bead. If the men in
America stand firmly by us there need he no
fears of the ultimate result.
(Signed) . Jos. P. Quixx,
Secretary Land League.
GLADSTONE ON THE PARNELL ARREST.
LONDON, Oct. 13
Mr. Gladstone visited the Guildhall today and received, in a gold box, the address voted by the Corporation of London
recording their high sense of his great services to his country and asking him to sit
for a marble bust to be pl-iesd in Guildhall.
The compliment, it is understood, was not
dictated by partisan considerations. In announcing the arrest of Parnell, he said:
"I have been informed thatthe first step
has been taken toward the vindication of
law and order, the rights, property and the
first elements of civilization, by the arrest ol
a man who, entirely from motives which I
do not challenge or examine, has made himself prominent in au attempt to destroy the
authority of the law. We are not at issue
with the people of Ireland. I firmly believe
that a majority of the tenants
earnestly desire a fair trial of
the Land act. The power with
which we are struggling is that which endeavors to say how far the people shall obey
the law. We have no fear ofthe people
of Ireland, but do fear lest many more
should become demoralized or intimidated."
He also said he would rejoice at the adoption of any form of local self-government in
Ireland, provided it did not impair the supremacy of the Imperial Government. He
renewed the claims for support, without
distinction of party, in the great national
crisis.
Gladstone was enthusiastically cheered
throughout the delivery of his speech. There
was also some hissing.
TrtE AMERICAN SYMPATHIZERS.
New York, Oct. 13.
Patrick Ford has issued an address to the
Land Leagues of America, anent the arrest
of Parnell, in which he says: "Irishmen
must restrain their impulses. Reason, not
passion, should rule the hour. Never did
the Land League have a better opportunity
to manifest its moral power than now, never did it become the duty of the Irish people to exhibit the virtues of self-possession, discipline and obedience to the
Land League more, than now. Through
enlightenment and organization the
people will assuredly come into possession
of their inheritance. Much has been ac«
complished looking to this end. Already
Gladstone himself has op'enly confessed that
the Land League is the only government in
Ireland now with any moral force behind it.
Hence he makes war upon it. He presents
arms to the majesty of ideas which are invulnerable and immortal. No man who believes in the superiority of mind over brute
matter can entertain a doubt respecting the
final issue."
Dublin, Oct. 13.
COMMENTS ON THE ARREST.
The Secretary of the Land League was interviewed shortly after Parnell's arrest. He
expressed much astonishment, exclaiming,
excitedly: "Let them come on; we are
ready for them *'
Dillon said this was the most trying and
critical moment that had occurred in their
history during the past century. He said
thatthe statement that Parnell had intimidated thepeople was false. He (Dillon) defied anybody to pointto a single speech oi
Parnell in favor of intimidation. His arrest
was due to private malice. It was the duty
of the nation to deal with the matter coolly
and with judgment, and to maintain the
struggle within the law.
"POLICE PRECAUTIONS.
The Detective Superintendent who arrested Parnell was accompanied by six detectives, and the cab conveying Parnell to
prison was escorted by two cars filled with
police.
A military force in Dublin is held in-read-
iness for action in the event of an emergency. . u      .    . ■
Additional guards and two two-pounders
have been stationed in the upper castle
yard.
Carlow, Kildare, Longford, South Wexford and Wicklow Counties, and certain
baronies in Meath have boon proclaimed under the Coercion acti
ANOTHER FIRE HORROR,
Philadelphia, October 13.
A fire broke out at Landenberger'a mill
last night which was disastrous to life and
property. It originated in the finishing room
of the seeond floor, and spread through the
building with amazing rapidity. About
forty-five hands, twelve of whom were girls,
were at work on this floor, but the majority
were engaged iu the spinning and weaving
departments on the upper floors. The
wooden stairways at either end of the building were soon ablaze. The bridge connecting
the building with another mill was shut ofl
from approach by fire-proof doors, and in
the absence of any fire-escape a panic instantly ensued among the men and women
confined within the building. They rushed
to the windows, crying frantically
to the crowd below to save them.
It was proposed by the crowd to
form squares in the street and catch the
men aud girls as they leaped out, but before anything could be done a young woman
leaped from the fifth story. It seemed that
every bone In her body, was broken, for she
never breathed after striking the pavement.
After this the imprisoned people seemed to
have become frenzied, and though the
crowd outside sought to encourage them by
shouting that help would shortly be there,
they began jumping from the windows like
sheep. A man, apparently bereft of reason,
flung himself headlong to the street, and
while his body was still in the air others
followed, now a man, then a woman or
half-grown girl, until, in a few minutes,
eleven human beings, one and all unconscious with fractured skulls and broken
limbs, were being carried by tender hands
to a neighboring saloon, on the floor of
which body after body was laid in a row,
until vehicles were procured to convey them
to the hospitals?.
By this time the relatives of the victims
began to gather outside the building, and
the cries of mothers outside to their children
still in the burning rooms, and their lamentations over those who had jumped and been
literally clashed to pieces, were heartrending
to hear. When the firemen were able to
enter the buildinir they found on the third
floor the bodies of two "females, burned almost to a crisp, and a man badly scorched
and dead, but before they could search further the fourth floor, with its heavy machinery, came crashing through, and they
barely escaped with their lives. The firemen were compelled, then, to desist from
their labors because the floors had gone
through to the ground, and machinery,
charred wood and what remained of the unfortunate operatives, ten or twelve,, were
mingled together in an unrecognizable
mass, which was seething and sending out
columns of steam as the cold water was
poured upon it. -  .
The physicians say thatthe wounds of ne'ar-
ly every one admitted to St. Mary's Hospital
will result fatally.
The total number of deaths will probably
exceed twenty, there being ten bodies in
the ruins.
Some of the workmen attribute the fire to
sparks from the electric lights falling among
waste, while others ascribe the sudden
Spread of the- flames to the influence ol
over-heated wires. The same mill burned
in 1872.
Daring and Outrageous Burglary.
A Turner Junction (111.) telegram gives
the following particulars of a daring burglary recently committed at the house oi
Allan Fairbanks, a farmer living in Wayne
Township, Dupage County. The thieves
succeeded in gettins* possession of about
$600 in cash aud $10,000 in Government
bonds:
About half-past twelve o'clock Mr. and
Mrs. Fairbanks were simultaneously awakened by a shuffling sound in their bedroom.
Their eyes openedon three men standing
near the foot of their bed, two of whom
were pointing cocked revolvers at their
heads, while the third carried a dark-
lantern. With the burglar's characteristic
oath, they bade the farmer arid his wife to
neither move nor speak at the risk of their
Jives. The two revolvers were then placed
in the hands of one man while another proceeded to ransack the room. Finding nothing he seemed to want, Mr. and Mrs. Fairbanks were compelled to get out of bed and
disclose the hiding-place of their money,
which was concealed in the bed clothing.
Mr. Fairbanks was led to another room and
an effort made to compel him to turn over
more money by holding a lamp
to his bare feet. The torture
-availing them nothing, they led
their victim back to the bedroom, and in his
presence kicked and otherwise maltreated
his Wife. Her night clothes were torn from
her body, and she was compelled to lie on
the floor while the brutes rolled her ovei
and over with their heavy and mud-covered
boots. She acknowledged that there was a
coffee-can inthe pantry filled with silver.
This was immediately taken possession of.
Then a schedule of the silverware in the
house was made out, but the ruffians said
they wanted none of that. Finally the confession came that there were Government
bonds up-stairs. One of the men said they
had them already, but he indignantly threw
the jiaper on the floor, with the remark
that they were not dealing in that class oi
goods. One ot his companions suggested
that he was a fool, and himself pocketed
the bonds. More money was demanded,
and Fairbanks and his wife were marched
about the house singly with cocked revolvers held between their eyes and horrible
oaths ringing, in their ears, as awful vengeance was pronounced if they kept back
any information.
Mr. and Mrs. Fairbanks have no children,
but domestics are employed iu the house.
They were sleeping in the same room with
the farmer and his wife last night. When
the devilish ingenuity of the thieves had
been exhausted in dealing with the latter,
they then turned upon the girls and subjected them to infamous treatment. 'The
younger was taken into a closet, and with
the door shut the two brutes, pressing the
cold muzzles of revolvers upon her cheek
and forehead, endeavored to extort from hei
further facts. Gaining nothing, they
dragged her back to the bedroom, almost
dead from fright, and then declared that
they were about to gibbet the whole family.
As it seemed that the threats might be carried into execution the farmer, his wife
and the girls got down on their knees
and begged for mercy. Convinced at length
that nothing was concealed from th'em, the
thieves proceeded to tie the gags into the
mouths of their victims and to pinion their
arms and hands. Further torture in the
tightening of the cords and removing and
replacing the gags was resorted to to learn,
if possible, something about the money savings of neighbors. The teeth were knocked
out of Mr. Fairbanks' month, and one oi
the girls has the corners of her mouth torn
back into her cheek. Fairbanks was pushed
over upon his bed and left on his back,
while the women were made to lie on the
floor. The doors were fastened*as the gang
withdrew at length, taking the plunder
already enumerated with them. The house
had been well ransacked before the family
were awakened.
After the burglars had left the house Mr.
Fairbanks succeeded in releasing himself,
and at once proceeded to the house of s
neighbor, twenty rods away, where there
hadbeen a wedding. The guests had not
yet dispersed. They flocked at once to the
scene of the exciting adventures, and several men accompanied Mr. Fairbanks in
immediate pursuit Of the gang. Failing to
get any satisfactory clew, tbey went to
Chicago and laid the case before Lieutenant
Currier and his staff. Mr. Fairbanks is an
old resident, and quite well-to-do. He is
between 50 and -0 years of age. His wife
was greatly shocked by her treatment', and
it was with great difliculty that she could
sufficiently compose herself to tell the story
here given.
The bonds were registered and will thus
not be a, less to Mr,- Fairbanks.
MICHIGAN STATE NEWS.
Jffinnie Grimm, aged thirteen years,
while running to school in Bay City the
other morning, fell dead.   *
The Congregational Church at St. Ignace
has just completed the first year of its existence. Its pastor, Eev. A. Livermore,
briefly sums up the year's history thus:
Organized with six members; increased to
eighteen; this is the first Protestant church
organized in a community which has a history extending back over two centuries; a
house of worship was constructed of rough
boards with one week's labor which has
since been occupied, costing S156.8!3, being
the first Protestant house of worship in the
place; that four months after its organization (January 9, 1SS1) the Sacrament was
observed by Protestant Christians for the
first time in that place, the second oldest
settlement in the State of Michigan.
There is one minister in Ionia County who
publicly boasts that he didn't pray for Garfield. His reason for notpetitloniug the divine throne in behalf of the murdered President was that Garfield belonged to the
Masonic fraternity.
A few days ago a Mr. Saunders, of New
Baltimore, while boring for a well struck
gas at a depth of fitly-one feet. Tubing has
been put in and a jet placed on top, and the
gas burns with a good brilliancy.^
John Fair, twenty-four' years old, died
almost instantly while registering at the
Globe Hotel in Bay City on the Sth.
Dr. S. H. Hagedorn, a well-known physician of Bay City, was drowned on the night
of the 9th while crossing the Saginaw river,
accompanied by Joseph Allard and wife. He
left in a skiff to answer a call on Stone Island,
When near the center he was seized with an
epileptic fit and fell overboard. His body
was recovered a few minutes afterward.
At Yicksburgh on the 10th a Chicago man
named W. F. Vreeland, while suffering
from an attack of delirium tremens, attempted to cut his throat. He cut a heavy
gash in the fleshy part of his neck.but failed
to reach a vital part.
There was a general strike of milllaborers
at Muskegon on the morning of the 10th,
and to the number of two thousand tbey
paraded the streets, headed by a band. The
men have adopted resolutions that under
no circumstances, not even for increased
pay, will they work eleven and a half hours
a day. "Ten hours, or no sawdust,"'Is
their cry. All the mills were shut down at
noon, and the dock-wallopers, in sympathy
with the mill laborers, refused to work, declaring that no vessels should be loaded at
that port. Speeches were made to the men
urging them to stick out, and' a resolution
was -unanimously adopted to form a laboring men's union. In the afternoon another
meeting of the workmen was held, which
was attended by three thousand men.
Prosecuting Attorney De Long and Mesars.
F. W. Cook, L. Levi*Bardsley, and I. P.
Hinds addressed the throng, and all urged
them to remain firm, sober and orderly.
A number of mills which continued running
were visited by the men, aud all of the
employes were Induced to come out.
No acts of violence were attempted in any
Instance, and the best of harmony appears
to exist among all of the laborers. During
the latter part of the afternoon the men
paraded the streets headed by the band.
Some of the mill-owners wish ifc stated that
rather than submit to the ten-hour system
they will shut down for the rest of the
season. Other mill-men, such as John Torrent and C. J. Hamilton & Co., wrere inclined to adopt the system. • The President
of the Workingmen's Association said they
could bang out as long as the mill-owners,
as they had money to last them for a month.
The engine-house near the rolling-mill at
Negaunee was taken down in pieces to remove to another location, when the pieces
disappeared during the night and fourteen
families have been fined $6 each for stealing.
Archie Hickox, of Kalkaska, raised the
best crop of corn cultivated by any boy on
land along the Grand Eapids & Indiana
Eailroad, north of Grand Eapids, and gets a
valuable prize from the railroad company.
Mr. Bevier, a farmer living nine miles
south of Eeed City, received a telegram on
the 12th that his son George, twenty-two
years of age, was killed the day before at
Georgetown, Col., in a mine, a rock falling
upon him.
A recent tornado passed over the upper
waters of the north branch of the Pike,
above Menomonee, cutting a swath through
the forest two miles wide and several miles
in length. It is said there is not a tree
standing in the road of the wind storm, and
that at least $100,000,000 feet of pine has
been blown flat.
Bishop Harris has been through the
burned district, and has made arrangements
to build an Episcopal, church at Bad Axe
and another at Port Austin. The churches
are to cost $1,203 each.
Fish chutes are to be placed in the Grand
River dam at Grand Eapids, in order to
allow the fish to once more explore the Interior of the State.
The school census of Detroit, just taken,
gives a total of 37,927 children, 6,661 of whom
attend private or parochial schools.
The balance of cash in the State Treasury,
October 1, was $1,799,215.29; receipts for
the week ending October 8 were $45,989.08;
payments for same time $54,313.86; leaving
a balance, October 8,1881, of $1,790,S90.51;
of which .f589,000 belong to the sinking
fund, $599,999,63 are held in the trust funds,
and $601,890.8S are available for general
purposes.
While some boys were playing base-ball
in Detroit the other afternoon, a missent
ball struck a three-year-old chifd standing
near, in the breast, killiug it almost instantly.
* Eulide and Dennis, aged eight and thirteen years, respectively, sons of Adolpb
Fontaine, a Bay City grocer, were drowned
on the morning of the 8th. They were fishing from a dock, when the younger boy fell
in and his brother plunged in to rescue
him. The bodies were recovered in about
ten minutes, andthe waist of the smaller
boy was still tightly clasped by the hand of
his brother.
The following are the Detroit wheat quotations: No. 1 White, -$1.37@1.37^; No. 2
White, $1.3_@1.34K; No- 2 Bed, $1.41@
1.4134*.
Scliool  Law.
- The following are recent ofllcial rulings
and decisions in respect to schools as compiled by the Lansing Iffp-tblican:
1. ■•Thelaw providing that the* Secretary of
the County Hoard of EXaniiueus may grant
apeoial certificate's in certain cases, whlchstut'1
be valid until tho next examination by the
Boord, does not contemplate that the Secretary may immediately, after a public examination, grant special'certificates to such persons as failed to pass examination before the
Board. The essential e.vamin ng authority is
the Board of Examiners, and it would be a
cu ious law that would strive for Its own defeat by giving the Secretary of the Board a
power in private to reA'erse the public action
of the superior authority.
2. The Secretary of the Board of Examiners
may give on examination special certiJir at.es
to such persons a? have not appeared'before
the Hoard and failed, which shall be vafd only
until the next public examination (regular or
special) by the Board.. These spe.c'al certificates are simply, permits to teach until tbe
properlioensing* authority shall cometogether.
Such certificates should be granted on y in
extreme cases Of necessity.
3. An applicant for a certificatehavmjr failed
at onesxaminationis not prevented Thereby
Irom making application and undergoinsr examination at a future public exam.nation by
the Hoard of Examiners.
4 It is tt? e dm y oft he IMsl riot Board to prescribe a uniform list of text-books to be used
iu the school, and to adopt such rules-and regulations as may be necessary for the management of the school.
5. The District Board cannot purchase sphool
boksfor pupils at the expense of the district, except when parents are not able to furnish the same.
0. Neither a district meeting nor a District
Board have a ri<rht to vote to purchase "textbooks for other than Indigent pupils. The
District Board cannot therefore legally contract to pay for such books with money .afc
ready raised or tote raised by taxation for
such purpose. Any. note or order given in
payment for such books cannot be collected
from the district.
7. The Treasurer of the Board of School Inspectors, and nft the Township Treasurer, Is
the proper custodian of the township library
money; and the latter officer, on proper de-
maud, is bound to pay it over to the former,
and is not entitled to withho'd it until it is
drawn by the Inspectors as needed for specific
appropriations; and mandamus will lie to enforce the performance of this duty. {McPhar-
linv. Mahoney, so Midi. loo."]. • .„
8. It is a sufficient ground for an application
for mandamus to enforce such payment, that
the Township Treasurer, when an order was
properly drawn on him by the Inspectors for
such money, but for an amount slightly
in excess of the money in his hands,
refused to pay over what- he
had", not upon the ground thatthe order was
too large a sum, but upon the distinct assertion that he was himself the proper custodian
of the funds, and was not bound to pay them
over except as they were required by the inspectors for specific purposes.   [Ibid."]
9. Under the Constitution and statute?, ay
moneys which are paid Into the office of tha
County Treasurer, on account of fines, penalties, forfeitures aud recognizances, are to be
credited to the library fund, and apportioned
and paid over by the Treasurer to the proper
local officers, without any reduction for expenses, either attending the collection of tha
particular sums paid in, or embracing the
general criminal expenses of  the county.
[Board af Education, of Detroit v. Treasurer o}
Wayne County, 8 Mieii., 39?.]
30. A certificate Is necessary because: a,
school officers c*knnot contract with a teacher
not holding one—Si (40, 123J-*; fi, no public .
money can be paid to such teacher—§ (3S)*; c,
districts employing such teacher cannot draw
public moneys—8 (56;*. A certificate* must
cover the entire time of engagement as teacher—§ (40)*. " -3    '        • " "*    **
11. Examinations are reguired by Jaw upon
orthography, reading; writing, grammar.-
geography, aiithmetie and;theory and art of
teaching, and after the year1881, U. S. history
a id civil government, for any and all grades,
of certificates—§ (12"-).*. If an appl.cant proposes to teach in a school where additional
branches are taught, the Examiners can require examination upon such additional
branches. .     -    .
12. Certificates of the first grade are valid
for three years throughout the county where
granted; those of the second grafle for two
years throughout the county, and. those of the
third grade for one year throughout the
county. Special certificates, g anted by the
Secretary of the Board of Examiners, are
valid in a specified district only until the time
of the next public examination (regular or
special) by the Board of School Examiners,
and not longer—8(123). ...    ' ■
13. The Board of School Examiners may revoke or supend a certificate for any reason
that would have justified it in withholding
such certificate when given; the Board of
Examiners may also suspend within the
c ;uuty for immorality or incompetency tb Instruct or govern a school, the effect of a State
"or a Normal School certificate. An opportunity for a defense against all charges should
be given the teacher—§ (130).
Ii. A male teacher is required to pay afee
of one dollar, and a female teacher a fee of
fifty cents upon obtaining a certificate, provided such fee has not been paid previously
within the current school year—§ (154). The
school year commences with the first Monday
in September.
15. A contract with a teacher must be authorized at a meeting of the District Board—§
(oi* ; it must be in writing, and signed by a
■maiorityof the Board on behalf of the district; it must specify the wages agreed upon,
and shall require the teacher to keep a correct
list of the pupils, their ages, and the numter
of days each one is in attendance, and to furnish the Director with a correct copy ofthe
same at the close ot the school. CoHtracts
must, be, in duplicate, one Of which shall be
filed with the Director and the other furnished
the teacher—§ (40).
16. The School law is silent upon the subject
of holidays; but the Supreme Court has decided that there should be no deduction from
ateaeher's wages ou account of the observance of legal holidays. The legal holidays are
January I, February 22, May30, July 4, December 25, and all days appointed by the
President or Governor as days of fasting or
thanks-iving.
17. A teacher must be governed by all rules
formally adopted by the Board. Befusal to
do so amounts to a forfeiture of the contract—unless the rules are grossly unreasonable—§ (44).
18. The District Board is bound to keep the
school-house in repair, with necessary conveniences, and the failure to do so works a
forfeiture of the contract on its part—I (48.*.
19. A teacher cannot be required to "board
around," nor can a patron of a schoolbe compelled to board a teacher. A teacher cannot
be required to render janitor's services', unless it is so stipulated in the contract.
*Theteferences are.to compiler's sections
in the general school laws of 1881.
lljiiversitr Matters.
At the recent meeting of the ^University
Eegents Acting President Frieze made an
exhaustive review of the work of the University during the year. The institvition,
which in its first catalogue numbered 53
students, enrolls in the calendar of its 40th
year 1,530 students. Of these 521 are in the
department of literature, science and the
arts, 380 in the department of medicine and
surgery, 371 in the department of law, 88 in
school of pharmacy, 8S in homceopathicmed-
ical college, and S6 in the college of dental
surgery. President Frieze paid eloquent
tributes to the late Prof. Watson. ex-GrOV-
ernor Bagley and President E. .0. Haven,
who have died within the past year. The
total receipts forthe year ending Sept.-30,
1881, were $231,338, and the disbursements
were $224,076.15, leaving a balance in
the treasury of $7,262.7S. The estimated expenses for the current year are
$ 271,215. Eegent Climie Was unanimously
appointed Superintendent of the library
building and will resign his position as Eegent. The collections which make up the
lluseum of National History have been removed to the new building erected for their
reception, and are to a great extent ready
for exhibition. That portion of the north
wing oi University Hall, which has thus
been vacated, has been remodelea and well
arranged for *fhe accommodation of large
classes attending university lectures. The
equipment of * the observatory has been
greatly improved by the additions of instruments for the special use of students.
The general library has been enlarged. Tho
number of volumes in the general library i(
31,203, law library 4*100, society libraries
2,100, library of young men's Christian Association 1,000, total number of volumes
accessible to students 38,40^, numbei^oiuiP"
bound volumes aud'pam. hlcts7S,423,?"addi-.
tions to the general library during the yeat
l,858volumes and 26S7pampblfet|, to the.
law library 63 volumes. The most important-"
gifts of books were from Philo Parsons,
of Detroit, 300 volumes, Geo. "Si Morris, _Q
voluuies, A. E. Richards, 20 volumes.
:,giTO.;g*4g#aWw*^ 'gj, ^4»i^mm^mSm»'
5Sw
A
1
A
"liii*wiuib4_jiaL-»^i}jj
l^-1;.faw.»,i_a.a.^u»^.^^i-.^^
.-<8_»«Tffi-«l|.i»IW^^^  ^^-^..-^.^^.^.^.y^,^,,,.,,,^^!   ,~*:,.:.:!~-..^.^^,^^^^.^^^.
e&*mt*&*&g*e&zmm*m
*a-_.<_a-i-_-tP-!>-^