1881-12-01; Saline Observer

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E BARON & KISSLY. Proprietors.
SALINE, WASHTENAW COUNTY, MICHIGAN, DECEMBER 1, 1881.
VOL. IL-NO. 3.
Important Intelligence "from All Bart!
Domestic.
llATtYE. CONLi-T, one ot tliesufferers by
tlie failure ol the aTechanic's Bank of Newark, 5f. J., lias sued the Directors lor the
full amount, of her loss, §22,000, on stock
and assessments.
Secretary Folger has ordered a computation to ascertain at what rate the G5;0y-
crmnen|dan;advantageously purchase four-
and-a-half and 'four-per-cent. bonds, instead of calling in extended three-and-a-
half per cents.
The Coroner"s Jury, after viewing the
body of the late desperado Maxwell, who
was lynched at Durand, Wis., re-
ttu-ned the remarkable verdict that deceased
'•canigfo.fiis .death : by failing from the
courthouse steps -and breaking his neck. ',>
THE'ahnual report of the Commissioner*
of Internal Eevenue shows thatthe internal-
revenue receipts for" the f seal year ended
June 30, 1SS1, were $135,229,912, against
¥12S_.9SI,91G for the preceding year. The
revefliie collected in Illinois for the last fiscal
year was $2,000,000 greater .than thejevenue
collected in the previous year in tne same
State. Illinois stands first with respect to
the amount of revenue collected, Ohio comes
next, and Sew York, third. - ■    ■ -
BAiL^has- h'een* refused "foi* the Malley
boys,"" now in jatt'at 'New Haven, Conn., on
the charge of having been concerned in the
killing of Jennie Cramer.
Two men were killed and four injured
by a boiler explosion on a sugar plantation
near 2se\v Orleans on the 21th.
"What is said to be the largest mortgage
ever recorded .in the United States was,__led
with: the- Eecorder of Hamilton Count}*',
Ohio", a few days ago. It was for $18,000,000
The mortgage is to the Mercantile Trust
Company of New York, and is by the Baltimore, Cincinnati & "Western Railroad Company. ..*.;• "'"."
A __rL___N& frost occurred in Louisiana on
the morning of the 55th, extending nearly
nil over theState.. Ice formed on standing
water to New*Orleans.
THENationalBoard of Healthhave made
arraDgements with the Health authorities
of otliei* Nations to prevent the spread of
Asiatic;, cholera; and the dreadtul plague of
"black death," both of which diseases are
raging in Europe* and Asia.
" Five men were killed and three baflly injured by the premature explosion of a rock-
blast near Greenwich, Gonn., on the 21th.
More than 1,000 horses were reported to
be suffering from '-'pink-eye" at Pittsburgh, Pa., on the 25th. Several animals
had died. . Business was suffering: in*conse-
qiience of t^epreyalence of the disease^ for
which no adequate remedy had been yet
discovered.
During the week ende.d on the 26th 391,-
997 standard silver dollars <were,r put into
circulation, against 490.997 during the corresponding period in 1SS0.
Al>Eprsio:s' has recently been rendered
by JufTgeDi-ummond, ofthe United States
Circuit*' -Court at- Chicago, in the great
canned-meat patent suits. The plaintiffs
were the "Wilson Packing Company and
Libfty, McNeill &,' Libby~ -both - Chicago
firms, and the defendants were the Chicago
Packing Company and the' St. Louis Beef
Canning Company. The court decided that
the pltei£ts*:sv'ere void, for want of novelty;
and gave the verdict to the defendants.      '
Henry A. Pingree, an employe of tbe
L?yland Steamship Company of Boston,
3Iass., has recovered $7,000. damages for the
loss of two fingers of his right hand by a
defective steam-winch.
In a suit at Greenwich, Conn., against the
New York & J^ew. England : Eailroad1,
brought by a passenger who was ejected
from a train and arrested for evading the
payment of fare, the court has recently decided that a limited ticket is worthless except for the trip specified on its face.
The Director ofthe 3Iint reports the gold
coinage of the year" at $78,733,861. Since the
remonetizatipn of silver the coinage
stan&ard -pieces has been $100,672,705, „
wfiich amount $34,026.327 are in circulation
jStTpi-w-days ago a train on the New Jersey
Central Road ran through Paterson at the
rate of forty miles an hour. After going
thirty miles the engineer discovered the
body of a woman, alive but unconscious, on
the wooden platform above the cow-catcher
When rescued she could only remember
being struck by the locomotive. She was
not seriously injured.
of
of
Personal and Political.
The official returns of the Wisconsin
election, which were nearly all received on
the 22d, show that General Rusk's plurality
will be about 12,000.
A committee from the National Grange
recently called upon the Commissioner of
Agriculture to urge the elevation of his Department to a higher rank. They protested,
in the mnieax the Grange, against aciciud-
ing;in the Department other than agricultural industries. Dr. Loring, in reply, said
he had urged the creation of Bureaus of
Manufacturers and Mines in connection
wit fi his Department, and thought the Commissioner should be a Cabinet officer.
It is said the friends of Mrs. Lincoln,
ihe widow of the late President Lincoln, indignantly deny a recent report thai;,that
lady is suffering from want or neglect',' On.,
the cbntrary, She is" well provided for. Until
about a year ago her annual income was
$8,100- Owine: to the conversion of six-per-
cent. bondsinto three-and-a-half per cents,
her income has been reduced to $5,000* She
cannot comprehend the cause of the change,
and s .ems to think that she is wronged.
The facts are said to be that, although she is
not in very good health, she is not it. Bad
health, and that, far* from being neglected,
she is tenderly cared for by her friends.
Tin; recent election in the First Rhode
Island District for member of Congress to
succeed Aldrich, ejected United States.S|-na-
toBjf:i.*e8»lte4::in the "choice 7of« Henry*? J;
Spi*ane^7 thfr^R#ub}icatt:5cahdidate, 'Who
received 3,617 votes, against 1,116 for Sisson,
the Democratic candidate.
WUJMM Jonks, charged with having attempted to kill Guiteau, was indicted by a
Washington Grand Jury on the 23d. It was
believed that no jury could !>e found in
Washington to convict him. Popular sympathy was said to be entirely with him, and
sftveral hundred dollars had been subscribed
for his defense.
Tin. Mayors of all the cities in the country have been invited to become the guests
of the Atlanta Cotton Exposition on the 9fclx
of December.
Dr. l>AMttT Acting Assistant Surgeon, who
performed the autopsy upon tbe boldy of the
Sate p-res-dent ^arfield, absolutely denies
that the examination was made cirelessly,
or that the bullet; was found accidentally.
Trial of Grtiiteau, tlie Assassin.
The attendance afc the Criminal Coirt on the
23d was less than usual. Guiteau. wJle taking
breakfast in the prisoners' room, expressed his
dissatisfaction that Jones, the ma£ who 'shot
at Mm, had oeen admitted to *.ail.'!*VMien the
Court opened Mr Scoville made aformal request for the papers taken front&uiteau at
the time of his arrest. The Distr-t- Attorney
ottered to furnish copies, hut M ..''Scoville Insisted upon tne originals. Pendife the discussion, Guiteau said: "At the tine of my arrest I had forty or fifty editorial -lips showing
the politicaL situation in Mav aid June last.
Xhese slips show the action" aid one of the
xprces that Impelled me m to the
President. They are very important
as showing the gist of ' the whole
matter. It was through living m such ideas
as these that I was finally impe'ed to fire on
the President with my Inspiraton." Colonel
Corkhill said if it would enableihe defense to
get through that day he wouldr;end for them
at once. During a temporary ull in the proceedings Guitean said that on he preceding
day he had said that he had dropped the
"Julius" from h's name becaise the word
was too suggestive of the neg.-o race. This
prejudice was begotten tweriy years ago,
hut he meant no disrespect o any person
or any race—particularly no to the colored race, for they were more highly thought of than the! White race,
nowadays. Mr. Scoville con^nued reading
Guitejm's letters, during whici the prisoner
constantly interjected his exjlanations and
comments. Mr. Scoville alludd to Guiteau's
career as a politician, and drewthe conclusion
that he was deficient in intellect. This conclusion Guitenu protested againit. When Sco-
ville"referred to his running aibund from one
committee to another seekingSo be employed
as a campaign speaker, Giiteau shouted
angrily: "It wasn't because Ihad no abi ity,
butlwasnotknown. lhadide'S,butnotrepu-
tation." Eeferriug to Guiteai's speech, entitled " Garfield vs. Hancock" Mr. Scoville
said It was a mere jumble collated iroin
speeches of others and newsjapers, and no
one but a c.azy man would have imagined
that it was a speech of merit. Guiteau said
ne objected to Scoville's theoij*, and declared
that he was trying to make hin out af ool. He
continued: "1 say the Deity :uspirei my act
and He will take care of it" The Court commanded the prisoner to keepquiet. and Guiteau subsided, and Mr. Scovilb concluded his
opening without further intenrup tion. At the
request of the District-Attorisy the witnesses for the defense, with tie exception of
Mrs. Scoville, were excluded from the
court-room. Kev. H. N. Buron testified that
in 1877 he had listened to Guiteau's lecture
on the second coming of Jhrist. T>id not
think Guiteau at that time wa. sufficiently
insane to be irresponsible— probably less deranged than badly arrangec. H. H. Davis
testified that Mrs. Maynard. Guiteau's aunt,
was crazy. Although wealth/ she had a constant dread of the Poor-Hous3. Her daughter
was an imbecile. Mr. "Wilcox testified" that
Guiteau's father was peculia*. "Witness knew
nothing of the prisoner. Dr. John A. Itice had
in 1876 decided that the pris-ner was insaue.
Had treated the elder Gtrteau during his
last illness. F.L.Union tesified to renting a
hall to the prisoner. His tills proclaimed:
"Do not not fail to hear the Hon. Charles J.
Guiteau, the Little Giant or' the West. He
will show that two-thirds of Ihe race are going
down to perdition." He spoke a half an hour
to a small audience, and then left. The people who heard him thougtt he was crazy.
Nexfrday Guiteau came bade and wanted to
hire the hall again. He saldhe was not crazy
but inspired.- He also said, h a serious manner, that he belonared to the firm of Jesus
Christ & Co. MaryS. Loekvood testified that
Guiteau had boarded with her. He left because he did not pay hi3 b'oerd. Guiteau protested • that the testimony was irrelevant. Norwood Damon said he had attended the lecture m Boston referred
to by a preceding witness, and thought,
the lecturer insane. George W. Olds testified
how Guiteau soaped hickory trees,. insisting
that they were fruit-trees, and how, when
weeding, he pulled up more strawberries and
turnips than weeds. Here Guiteau told how
he had spent several months trying io purchase the Chicago Inter Ox-in. The witness
being asked as to Guiteau's troubles with Mrs.
Scoville, Guiteau protested asainst the insinuation, and said he had hail no trouble whatever with her.   Adjourned until the 25th.
Immediately on the opening of the Griminal
Court on the 35th Guiteau, read from manuscript a rambling statement to the Court and
jury regarding his Inspiration to remove the
President. He said he never would have attempted to kill Mr. Garfield of his own volition, notwithstanding that he was substantially urged thereto, by the Stalwart press. He
was commissioned by the Deity to do the
deed, even as Abraham had'been commanded
tosacrlticehisson. Mr.-Scovillereiterated his
demand for the production of documents
taken from. Guiteau at the time of his arrest.
During the colloquy following the demand
Guiteau shouted: "I understand that my
divorced wife is to he brought here as a witness against me. If that's so there will be
trouble. She was a poor, unfortunate thing,
and 1 never should have married her. But if
she comes in hereto testify against me and
do me any harm, I'll rip up her whole record."
He charged her with immoral conduct befose
his marriage to her. Joseph B. Smith
testified to his acquaintance with the Guiteau
family and E. O. I'oss to the incidents attending the shooting. Charles H. Heed told how he
tried a criminal cause n uhicago with Guiteau,
and that he considered him an earnest
and sincere, but'unbalanced, man. "Witness
had told Guiteau thiit ho had no sTiow for the
Paris Consulate, and when he suggested a
clerkship or some minor position, and ottered
to help him get it, Guiteau became indignant.
Witness had visited Guiteau in jail a few days
since and asked him why he killed the President. He replied: "I didn't doit; the Lord
did it. f was only the Lord's instrument in
removing the President." Mr. Beed further
said he had no doubt that Guiteau was
Of unsound mind. During Mr. Heed's
cross-examination Guiteau constantly interjected his contradictions and explanations,
until the Court lost all patience and threatened to have him gagged unless he kept quiet.
After recess Mr. Scoville applied to the
Court for an attachment against E. A. Storrs,
of Chicago, who had been served with a sub-
pcena.but who refused absolutely to be present. The application was grauted. H. B. Am-
erling testified as to the peculiarities of Guiteau's father. Thoiras North, a Chicago lawyer, also swore as to Luther W. Guiteau's peculiarities, and said the prisoner was an exaggerated fae-simile of his father—a chip of tho
old block. The witness described his manner
of saying grace before eating. It was:
" 1 confess Christ in me with a thankful heart for this food," or "Thank Christ for
this dinner," etc. Luther Guiteau was a firm
believer in the tenets of the Oneida Community and desiredhis family to join them, but the
Wife refused. The prisoner's predominant
quality was his ego'ism. Abraham Guiteau,
Luther's brother, was a weak man, so weak
that it was not safe to trust him to do business. After giving his views on the Community question, the witness subsided and the
Court adjourned.
"Upon the opening of the Criminal Court on
the 26th Mr. Scoville read a telegram from
Emory A. Stores, of Chicago,, stating that he
could not possibly visit Washington because
of his professional engagements, and said
■ that under the circumstances he would not insist upon an attachment for him. Thomas
Korth resumed his recital, of the peculiarities
of Luther Yf. Guiteau and the prisoner. During a momentary lull in the proceedings, after
the witness left the stand, Guiteau improved
the opportunity to give his views concerning
Rev.'Hi AV. BeechCr, saying that his (Beech-
er's) opinion of the speaker and Judge Cox
was of little conseaueuce, as he (Beecher) was
badly "cranked" socially. He said he had no
doubt that Mrs*. Tilton told the truth, and he
had told him so publicly. General Logan
testified to having had several interviews
with Guiteau and to his belief that thera
was a mental derangement in his case.
He bad told. Mrs. Lockwood that he believed he was crazy, and that he was not*
suitable boarder for her. B. E. Smith, employed in the rooms of the National Republican Committee, thought Guiteau peculiar and
flighty. John A. M orse, colored, an attorney-
at-law, saw Guiteau at the White House during*
March and April, and thought htm a crazy
imam Mrs. Scoville gaveabiOgraphicalsketch
of Guiteau's life, referring to his school experience, his Inoculation with the doctrines of
the Community, and his attack upon ber with
an ax. The direct examinatio - Of Mrs. Scoville was in progress when tho Court adjourned.
—■. i   »     —
'Foreigni.
The Russian Minis'terof Finance has refused the Teeniest of the Minister of War
that employment be found for army officers thrown out by the reduction oi the
forces, in order to'keep them*from joining
the Nihilists,
lv. is stated in a "Washington dispatch
that, in respohse to Secretary Blaine's instructions to Minister Hurlbut to recognize
Calderon as President of Peru, the latter
was seized by the Chilians and transported
to Santiago. It was believed likely that an
American protectorate to Peru would *be
proposed, to protect  the  immense  claims
and investments by our citizens.
Fifteen members of the senior class at the
Toronto University have been arraigned for
ducking four freshmen in the river on a recent cold night, and gagging others for refusing to sing a, certain song at a college
concert.
American artists have been invited to
submit designs for a monument to Alexander II., to be erected in the inclosure ofthe
Kremlin, Moscow.
An investigation into the affairs of the
Tax-office at Philadelphia is alleged to have
revealed wholesale robbery of the State and
City Treasuries.
The London police believe that the Hatton Garden post-office was robbed by Americans.
Gambetta. has announced his Tunisian
policy to be loyal observation. of the treaty
with the Bey.
The lawyers of the Baroness Burdett-
Coutts having decided that by marrying
Bartlett she forfeited hei* interest in the
CouttsBauk, she has decided to resign her
interest therein to those who claim it under
the will of the Duchess of St. Albans. It is
stated that she will, during her life, receive
an annual allowance by reason of her complaisance.
By the foundering of the steamer Albion,
in Central American waters recently, thirty-
two persons perished. Seventeen persons
were drowned by the wrecking of the ship
Culcean, on the British coast. The French
ship France foundered in West India
waters recently, and four persons are missing, the Captain and eight men having been
rescued.
Iveifer's tannery at Allegheny City, Pa.,
was burned on the morning of the 25th.
Loss, $125,000.
In the recent pigeon-shooting match near
London between Carver, the American
marksman, and Eden, a member of the
principal clubs, for £100 a side, Eden stood
at twenty-eight yards rise, and Carver at
thirty. Carver won the match by five birds,
killing thirty-five out of fifty.
The Land Commissioners of Ireland have
called the attention of the laborers to the
fact that they can and will redress the evils
they suffer from the farmers, fjuch as in-
commodiotis dwellings, etc.
The London Times of the 24th says a considerable section of thex_eopleof Ireland
had decided to pay no rents, and the plan
of dealing county by county with the recalcitrant tenants had been adopted.
Abate Berlin dispatch says the Emperor
William's health continued precarious, and
he was able to transact only such business
as was absolutely necessary. He was unable
to leave his room. At night he suffered from
severe abdominal pains.
The cholera has made its appearance at
Alexandria, Egypt. It has also appeared in
Burum, Kakallah and Chehr, having been
probably disseminated by returning Mecca
pilgrims.
A heavy gale prevailed in the British
Isles on the 26th and 27th, which did great
damage to coast property and shipping. At
Folkstone, Kent, the new pier Avas washed
away.
The Committee of Confederate bondholders of London disclaims all idea of litigation
to recover assets in Europe, but announces
its intention to appeal steadily for a modification of the Fourteenth Amendment, to
permit the Southern States to effect a ''just
and equitable settlement of their debts legally contracted."
The Government of Boumania has extended for a year its prohibition of the importation of pork from the United States.
It was stated in Paris on the 26th that the
French Government had decided to withdraw the decree prohibiting the importation of American pork.
In St. Petersburg on the 26th, under pre -
tense of having urgent State business, a
Polish lad was admitted to the presence of
General Tcherevine", at whom he instantly
fired a revolver, the ball" passing-between
the General's arm and side,
"LATER .STEWS.
There was an immense crowd of spectators in attendance upon the Guiteau trial
on the2Sth. Mrs. Scoville testified that^ three,
years ago she was convinced that her
brother should be placed in a lunatic asylum. The sensational feature of the day
was a declaration by John W. Guiteau that,
until recently, he had believed his brother
to be responsible, but not sane. Witness
also testified to the insanity or partial insanity of some of his. relatives. Some Chicago parties were examined to prove that
the assassin was "peculiai*." The prisoner
interrupted frequently, as usual.
A Washington dispatch of the 28th says
Judge Cox was daily receiving letters, most
of them anonymous and some inclosing
newspaper clippinsrs, reflecting on his conduct of the Guiteau case, and protesting
against the disgrace inflicted on the American people by the scenes which he tolerated
in his court-room.
The alarm in regard to small-pox in
many sections of the country has caj.i-*ed
Assistant Postmaster-General Hattbn to
issue an order that mail matterliable to
communicate contagious diseases may be
refused by any postmaster. . •
In a recent debate in the Reichstag,* Bismarck declared that by every -justiOable
means he would endeavor to consolidate the
Empire. He expressed astonishment that
Germany was still backward in aspirations
for unity.
The Bank of Prince Edward Island has
closed its doors, through unwarranted advances made bv its cashier, J. B. Brecher,
who had lied" to the United States. It is
said that accounts had been' overdrawn to
the extent of tf 650,000.
It has been ascertained that $1,500,000'
will be necessary to enable the Pacific Bank
of Boston to resume business, and the capital stock of $1,000,000 must be sacrificed.
Lekkoy, the murderer of Mr. Gold on
the Bviguton (England) Railroad, has confessed his crime, and added to it the fact
that he also assassinated Lieutenant Roper,
at Chatham, some time ago.     .
The man who recently attempted the life
of General Tcherevine, at St. Petersburg^
was named Grodno, and- was twenty-eight
years old. He states that he had meditated
suicide because of losing his means by dissi-
patioi-, when he was easily induced by a
comrade to attempt assassination.
DtrxtiNO the gale in England on the 27th
fiity barges were sunk in ■ the River Thames
and many persons were injured. Several
lost their lives.
A party of armed men recently entered
the house of a wonlan named Henane, near
Listowel, County Kerry, Ireland, for the
purpose of shooting her because she had
given information to the police. Her children threw themselves upon their mother
in terror and one of thein received a charge
of shot in the legs. The party left the
house, after making the mother swear,- under threats of death, not to divulge the occurrence. Six persons have been arrested
on. suspicion of being concerned in the outrage.
THE  POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Washington, November 21.
The following are some of the leading    features   of   Postmaster-General
James' report:
The total expenditures during the fiscal
year ended June 3), last, were f39,251,"73'3,-
.16; total revenues, $36,785,397.97. Excess
of expenditures, $2,466,33-. 19; other deficits, on account of "bad debts" and •'compromise" accounts, $11,793.86—making the
total excess of expenditures, $2,181,129.35..
The number of postage-stamps, postal-
cards, stamped envelopes, etc., issued during the year was 1,5'4,311,512, amounting
in value to $34,625,435.91, against a total
value during the previous fiscal year of $32,-
0S7,3±2.40.
The total amount of postage collected during the year on newspapers and periodicals
mailed to regular subscribers from known
offices of publication and from news agencies, at two cents per pound, was $1,399,018-
.64, an increase of $172,596.06, or a little over
14 per cent.
Tlie weight of second-class matter mailed
was 69,052,432 pounds, or 34,976 tons. The
number of postoffices at which the matter
was mailed wa3 4,821, an increase of 39S over
the number for the previous year.
dead letters.
By careful reckoning based upon an actual
count made in every post-office in the United States during the first week in Decein-
b<.r, 1SS0, it has been ascertained that the
whole number of letters mailed in this
country in the last fiscal .year was 1,046,-
107,348. The number reaching the Dead-
Letter Office during the same period was
3,323,621, or one in every 315. The total
number of letters and of packages that
were of sufficient* value to lie recorded and
filed, received during the year ended June
30,1881, was 3,674,205, an increase of 351, -
623 over the number received during the
preceding year. For convenience of treatment they were classified as follows: Unclaimed domestic letters 2,791,05.; held for
postage, 279,214; misdirected, 242,5")6 (not
including 31,181 foreign letters with imperfect or erroneous addresses); without any
superscription whatever (the majority of
them bearing stamps to pay postage), 9,47J;
letters addressed to foreign countries, and
containing articles (coin, jewelry, etc.)
which are forbidden to be sent in the inter- '
national mails, 1,292; letters of foreign Origin, 281,127 (of which 31, ISA were sent to
the Dead-Letter Office on account of erroneous or imperfect addresses); foreign parcels (unopened), 13,S36; and domestic packages, 52,591.
Of the letters and-, packages opened, 18,-
617 were found to contain money amounting to $40,587.80; 22,012 contained drafts,
money orders, checks, notes, etc., the aggregate face value of which was $1,S99,062-
.51; 37,978 contained receipts, paid notes
and canceled obligations of all sorts; 33,731
contained photographs; 61,556 contained
small remittances of postage-stamps; and
in 75,213 there were found valuable articles
of third and fourth class matter in endless
variety. The amount of money separated
from dead letters for which no claimant
could be found was *r6,5S4.40, which was
deposited in the Treasury. The amount of
postage collected upon short-paid matter
forwarded to destination, and upon unclaimed packages of third and fourth class
matter returned to owners, was $3,109.34.
The records of the Department show that
S,33S,9 IS registered letters and packages
were mailed in this country. during the
year. OE this number only 2,614 reached
the Dead-Letter Office; and of these 2,131
were finally delivered to the owners, the
balance being placed on file awaiting identification by the parties interested.
THE POSTAT. MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM.
The operations of the money-order system
are multiplying yearly under the impulse of
prosperous trade and the influence of immigration, with the rapid development of the
newer States and Territories, and the demand for additional means ot intercommunication and exchange. At the commencement of the last fiscal year the total number
of post-offices authorized to issue and to
pay domestic money-orders was 4,S29.
During the year 341 additional money-order
offices were established, and seven wore
discontinued, leaving 5,163 iu operation on
the 30th day of June, 1SS1. Since then 338
new offices have been established, making
the whole number of money-order offices in
operation at date of this report 5,499. The
number of domestic money-orders issued
during the year was 7,663,232,. of the aggregate value of $105,075,769.35; number of orders paid, 7,627,710, amounting in value to
$104,219,871.65; to which must be added the
amount of orders repaid to remitters $704,-
9S9.96, making a total of $104,924,853.61;
the excess of issues over payments was
$150,915.74; the total amount of fees paid
by the public to postmasters for the issue Of
domestic orders was $966,732.75.
Seventy-seven cases of alleged lost Temit-
tances of surplus money-order funds
amounting to $19,753 were under investigation during the yearrand«claims. were? filed
in thirty-six cases onaccdunt oT alleged improper payment of money orders. The
amount of all these, claims was; -$767.07.
Their number, compared with the total
; number of payments made during the year
is as one to $211,881.
Ninety-nine cases of alleged improperly
paid money orders, amounting to $2,153.49,
were investigated during the year.   In. thirr
ty-threc instances the amounts, the total of
which was $177.75, were recovered by pofet-
oflice inspectors and paid over to the rightful owners; in seven cases, in which the
^orders altogether amounted to $S4.15, the
paying postmasters were, after due investigation, held responsible for the. erroneous
.payments; in four, where erroneous pay-
mant was directly attributable to carelessness on the part of remitters, payees, or indorsees, they were required to sustain the
-loss, $124; in nine, the loss, $268.88 altogether, was assumed by theDcparlinenfc, lire'
"paying pbstmaafer haying been fouiYd~n6t*at
fault: ahd'in eleven it was ascertained that"
^thc orders, amounting to $236.52, had been
originally  paid   to   the   proper   persons.
Thirty-five claims, involving the payment of
* $962.19, were pending at the close of the year.
The amount of unclaimed money orders,
domestic and foreign,  at the close, of the
fiscal year is estimated by the Auditor as
$1,250,000.    "There is.no provision of law
under which this unclaimed money canbe
disposedof.   It would seem to be expedient that a portion of  it  should he turned.
lOvcr to the Treasury for the service of the
?Post-office Department.   The Superintendent of the money-order system suggests
that it would be well to retain in the hands
of the Assistant Treasurer for the operations of the service a sum equal to the
amount of all unpaid money-orders during
a period of five years next preceding the
commencement of each fiscal year,   lt rarely happens that a money-order more than
five years' old is presented for payment. It
deemed expedient, in the interest of payees
of money-orders, a longer period, for example seven or ten years, might be fixed by
Congress, during which the amount of any
money order would be payable to the owner thereof, and beyond which the amount
of all orders unpaid would accrue to the
United States.
•'Although the money-order fulfills every
reasonable expectation of remitter and payee
where the amount sent is considerable, a
strong and growing demand has arisen since
the withdra*^! of fractional currency from
circulation for some device hy which
amounts under five dollars could be transmitted by mail at less cost than at present. I
desire to call special attention to the plan
proposed by the Superintendent for the
transmission of suras less than five dollars
by means of an order of a new form, to be
termed -'postal-order," in which the written application and the advice, which is the
chief element of expense as well as of se-*
curity, are to he dispensed with, so that
these orders may be issued more expeditiously and at cheaper rates than money-
orders."
THE STAR-ROUTE   SERVICE, ETC.
The Postmaster-General is of the opinion
that''the country has reached that stage in
the progress of its material develop ment
where an effort ought to be made to' bring
the credit and debit sides of the Department's balance sheet nearer together. All
or nearly all the long and expensive Star-
routes have been superseded by railroad
service. The cost of the Star-service ought,
therefore, to rapidly decrease in the "Western States and Territories. A careful and
impartial examination of the Star-service
made during the past summer satisfied the
Department that large reductions could be
made without causing any inconvenience1 to
the sections of country supplied  thereby."
"A minute investigation into alleged
abuses in the Star-route service W as instituted by direction of the late President,
and is still being prosecuted. The Post-
office Department has co-operated, and will,
continue to co-operate, with the Department of Justice in this investigation. No
one who has not been directly concerned in
the matter can fully appreciate the magnitude of the undertaking, the mass of record
evidence examined, the difficulties of a personal investigation in sparsely-settled territories, and the results attained by the'patient and intelligent labors of the Inspectors
of this Department. There can be no doubt,
from the facts already ascertained, that the
existing statutes leave the way open to great
abuses, and that there is abundant ground
for asking a judicial investigation of the
transactions of the last few years.
" The one serious difficulty in the way of
bringing back the Department to a self-
*sustaining basis is the constantly-increasing
cost of the railway mail service. This increase during the past fiscal year was $487,-
446. I regret to say that there is a deficiency
of $478,155 for this branch of the service for
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1SS1, which
must be provided for, and also that there
must be an increased appropriation for the
same service of $1,097,31*9 for the fiscal 3-ear
ending June 3D. 1882. The estimate for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 18S3, for the railway service is $10,655 000. There has recently been an Unprecedented growth ol
railroads, and this' accounts largely for the
enormous increase of the cost of the railway
service."
The actual payment for the railway-mail
service during the year was $11,411,120.90.
The cost for the current fiscal year will be
$12,006,601, and the estimates for 1883 are
$33,181,601. The enormous growth of railroads in 1880' and 1881, and their anticipated
increase of mileage in the near future, will
account for a great portion of the augmented
cost for th%service.
• There were 461 arrests made during the
year for Violation of the Postal laws. Of
this number 424 cases were prosecuted in
the United States Courts, and thirty-seven
in the counts of the several States in which
the arrests were made. Of the former, 188
persons were convicted, twent3*-six were
acquitted, three escaped, five forfeited bail,
twenty-four proceedings were dismissed,
one was killed while resisting arrest, and
177 await trial; thirty highwaymen were arrested and prosecuted in United States
Courts.
THE CIVIL-SERVICE QUESTION.
"Careful observation in this Department
and elsewhere has but confirmed my conviction of the great public benefit to be derived from conducting the public business
on business principles. Some method of relief must be provided from the overwhelming pressure for appointment to clerkships
and other 'subordinate* positions, and from
the equal pressure for the removal of capable and experienced assistants to make
room for those who are not more competent. The public service is a public trust
to which every citizen may properly aspire,
and the public interest plainly demands that
admission to it should not depend upon
personal favor, because such favor can not
well be impartial, and because a system of
appointment by mere influence may
be readily perverted to the promotion of private interests and personal ambition. Appointment by influence naturally
results in making the tenure of office depend, not upon fidelity and efficiency in the
discharge of official duty, but.upon the assiduous cultivation of the favor of apatron.
Such a tenure is incompatible with the self-
respect of the incumbent, and the service
must necessarily suffer from the decline of
its mora'e. But the evil coiisequences cannot be limited to the public service';, they af- *
feet all political action, the purity and vigor
qt the Government, and the National character itself. The question, therefore, is one
of far higher importance than that of the
comparative fitness of clerks in the employment of the Government," ahd really concerns the character and'success of republican institutions.
• j-ThV first step, in my judgment,- toward
the "relief of the'appointing officers And the
promotion of the greater eflieiency and economy of the civil service would be a method
of minor appointment, which should be
independent of personal or partisan influence. In some impor'aut Government offices o£ which I have had personal knowledge,
such a f-ystom is already in operation. In
"^hose offices minor appointments* are determined 'solely by proper qualificaiions, s ascertained by impartial tests open to all applicants upon equal terms. The great success which has attended this method of selection proves its practicability, while the
good results, both in the service and in the
character of the officers thus selected,sdem-
onslrates.jits value. The extension of this
- method furiderHnniform conditions .is earnestly tobe desired, both to correct familiar
evils in the public service itself aud to remove the still graver evils which spring from
them.
■' In my opinion, the same general principles should govern the selection and retention of employes in this Department.
The public is-best served by honest, experienced and competent oflicers, and changes,
therefore, should be made carefully and
only for reasons affecting official conduct.
Mv views upon this subject are the result of
prolonged official experience, and I am persuaded that the practical application of
these principles would promote public morality, increase the economy and efficiency
of the public service, and assuage the fury
of party spirit, against which Washington
Warned the country as its chief peril."
CONGRESS.
The Porty-Seventh Congress is composed 08
follows:
SENATE.
[Democrats, 37;  Kepubllean*, 37; Independents,^.]
ALABAMA.
T. T. Morgan, D..
3. L. Pu_rh.D .. .
AKK-ANSAS.
A. H. Garland,D... 1883
Term
Ex.
..1883
..1885
Term
MISSISSIPPI.    Ex.
L. Q. C. Lamar, D.J.883
J. 2. Georg-e, D 1887
MISSOURI.
G. G.Vest, D 1885
T. 1). Walker, D.... 1885 F. M. Cockrell, D.. 18S7
CAXTFOB-IIA
J. T. Parley, D 1885
T.P.Miller, R 1887
COLOBAnO,
H. M. Teller, R 1883
NEBRASKA
Alvln Saunders, "R 18S3
C. H. V an Wy ck, R.1887
KEV AD A.
J. P. Jones, R 18S5
N. P. Hill,It... 1885,J. G. Pair. D ...1887
CONNECTICUT. I      NEW HAMPSHIRE.
O. H. Platt, R 1885IE. H. Rollins, R... 1883
J. K. Hawley, R. . .1887^. W. Blair, R 1885
DELAWARE. I NEW JERSEY.
Eli Saulsbury, D.. .1883 J. R. _vIcPherson,D.1883
~ " ~ "* ~   ..1887"'**"      "   ~      "■"
T. P. Bayard. D
FLORIDA,
Wilkinson Call, D..1885
C. W. Jones, D 1887
GEOBGIA.
B.H.HU1, D.-. 1883
3. E. Brown, D..
ILLINOIS.
D.Davis, Ind...
J. A. Logan, R..
INDIANA.
D. W. Voorhees, D.1885
Benj. Harrison, R, .1887
IOWA.
J. W. McDill, R..
W. P. Allison, R.
KANSAS.
P. B. Plumb, R...
J. J. Ing-alls, R	
KENTUCKY.
J. B. Beck, D	
J. S. Williams, D.
LOUISIANA.
W. P. Kellog-g, R.,
B. P. Jonas, D	
MAINE.
W. P. Frye, R	
Eugene Hale, R..
MARYLAND.
3. B. Groome, D...1885
A. P. Gorman, D.. .1887
MASSACHUSETTS.
G. F. Hoar, R......1885
H.L.Dawes, R....1887
MICHIGAN.
T. W. Ferry, R..... 1883
W.J. Sewell, R....1887
NEW YORK.
E. G. Lapham, R. ..1885
Warner Miller, R.,1887
NORTH CAROLINA.
 M. W. Ransom, D.. 1883
1885 Z. B. Vance, D 1885
OHIO.
G. H. Pendleton, D. 1885
John Sherman, R.. 1887
OREGON.
L. Grover, D. ,1883
J. H. Slater, D.... .1885
PENNSYLVANIA.
J. D. Cameron, R..1885
J. I. Mitchell, R   . 1887
RHODE  ISLAND.
H. B. Anthony, R..1883
N. W. Aldrich, R... 1887
SOUTH CAROLINA.
M. C.Butler, D 1883
1885 Wade Hampton, D.1885
TENNESSEE.
I. G.Harris, D 1883
H. E. Jackson,D...1887
TEXAS.
Richard Coke, D...1883
S.B.Maxey, D.....1887
■VERMONT.
J. S. Morrill, R 1885
G. F. Edmunds, R..-8.7
..1883
..1885
..1883
..1885
..1883
..1885
..1883
1883
18S5
1883
1887
VIUGINIA.
J, W. Johnston, D..1883
"W. Mahone, Ind....l8S7
WEST TIRGINIA-
H. G. Davis, D 1883
O.D. Conger, R..;.1S87 J._••"". Camden, D-1887
MINNESOTA. j WISCONSIN.
Wm. Windom, R... 1883 Angus Cameron,R1885
S. J. R. McMillan, R1887 Philetus Sawyer. R1887
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
[Republicans,  146;  Democrats, 136; Greenbackers, Independents and Readjusters,!!.]
ALABAMA.
5. Thos. Williams, D.
6. G. W. Hewett, D.
7. W. H. Forney, D.
8. J. Wheeler, D.
1. T. H. Herndon, D.
2. K. A. Herbert, D.*
3. "Wm. C. Oates, D.
4. C. M. Shelley, D.
ABKANSAS.
1. P. Dunn, D. I 3. J. 13. Cravens, D,
2. J. E. Jones, D. | i. T. M. Gunter, D.
CALIFORNIA.    .
1. W. S. Rosecrans, D.| 3. C. P. Berry, D.
ft. H. F. Page, R. | 4. R. Pacheco, R.
COLORADO.      .
James B, Belford, R.
CONNECTICUT.
1. J. R. Buck, R. | 3. J. T. Wait, R.
2. James Phelps, D.    | 4. P. Miles, R.
DELAWARE.
Edward L. Martin, D.
FLORIDA.
L* l-.H.M.Davidson, D.] 2. J. J. Finley, D.
GEORGIA.
G. R. Black, D.
H.G. Turner, D.
•Philip Cook, D.
H. M. Buchanan, D.
N. J, Hammond, D.
ILLINOIS.
6. J. H. Blount, D.
7. J. C. Clements, D.
8. A. H. Stephens, D.
9. Emery Speer, D.
Wm. Aldrich, R.
Geo. 11. Davis, R.
C. B. Farwell, R.
John C. Sherwin, R.
R. M. A. Hawk. R.
T. J. Henderson, R.
William Gullen, R.
L. E. Payson, R.
Johh B. Lewis, R.
B. F. Marsh, R.
INDIANA.
8. R. B. F. Pearce, R.
9. G. S. O-th. B.
10. M. L. De Motte, R.
11. G. W. Steele, R.
12. W. G. Colei-ick, D.
13. W. H. Calkins, R.
11. J. "W. Singleton, D.
13. W.M. Springer, D.
13. D. C. Smith, R.
14. J. Q. Cannon, R.
15. S. W. Moulton, D.
16. W.A.J. Sparks, D.
17. "W. R. Morrison, D.
18. John R. Thomas, It.
19. R.W.Townshend,D.
Wm. Heilman, R.
T. R. Cobb, D.
S. M.Sti*ckslager,D,
W. S. Hoi man, D.
(J. C. Matson, D.
T. M. Browne, R.
S. J. Peelle,R.
IOWA.
6. M. E. Cutts, R.
7. John A. Kasson, R.
8. W. P. Hepburn, R.
9. C. C. Carpenter, R.
M. A.McCoid, R.
S. S. Farwell, R.
T. Dpdegraff, R.
N. C. Deering, R.
W.G. Thompson,R.
KANSAS. •
J. A. Anderson, R. 1 3. Thomas Ryan, R
D. C. Haskell, R.    I
KENTUCKY.
1. Oscar Turner. D.
2. J. A. Mel-enzie, D.
3. J. W.Caldwell, D.
4. J. P. Knott, O.
5. A. S. Willis, D.
6. J. G. Carlisle, D.
7. J.C.S.Blackburn, D.
8. P. Thompson, Jr. D.
9. J. D. AVhite, R.
10. E. C. Phister, D.
LOUISIANA,
R. L. Gibson, D.
E. .1. Ellis, D.
C. B. Dan-all, R.
T. B. Reed, R.
Nelson Dinsley, R,
S. D. Lindsey, R.
MARYLAND.
4. N. C. Blanchard, D.
5. J. F. King, D.
6. E.W. Robertson, D.
MAINE.
4. G. W. Dadd.
5. I1. H. Murch.
G-. W. Covington. D.
J. F. Talbott, D.
F. C. Hoblitzel, D.
4. R. M. McLane, D.
5. A. G. Chapman, D.
6. M. G. TJrner, R.
MASSACHUSETTS.
W. W. Crapo, R.
B. W. Harris, R.
A. A. Ranney, R.
Leopold Morse, D.
S. Z. Bowman, R. *
Eben F. Stone, R.
MICHIGAN.
H. W. Lord, R.
Edwin Willits, R.
E. S. Lacy, R.
J. C. Burrows, R.
G. "W. Webber, R.
MINNESOTA.
M. H.Dunnell, R.   I 3. W.D. *\Vashburn,R.
Horace B. Strait, R. I
MISSISSIPPI.
7. W. A. Russell, R.
8. J. W. Candler, R.
9. W. W. Rice, R.
10. AmasaNorcross, R
11. G. D. Robinson, R
6. O. L. Spaulding, R.
7. J. T. Rich, R.
8. R. G. Horr, R.
9. J. A. Hubbell, K.
1. H. A. Mularow, D:
2. V. H. Manning, D.
3. H. D. Money, D.
NEBRASKA,
Edward K. Valentine, R.
NEVADA.
George W. Cassidy, D.
MISSOURI.
4. O. R. Singleton, D.
5. C. E. Hooker, D.
6. J. B. Chambers, D.
1. M. L. Clardy, D.
2. Thomas Allen, D.
3. R. G.Frost, D.
4. L.H. Davis, D.
5. R. P. Bland, D.
6. I. S. Hazeltinc.
7. Theron M. Rice.
B. T. Van Horn, R.
9.-i\"-ic7iofo8 Pord.
10. J". H. Burrows.
11. J.B. Clark, Jr., D.
12. W. H. Hatch, D.
13. A. H. Buckner, D.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
fi.
.7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15."
16.
17.
1:
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
NEW HAMPSHIRE,
J. G. Hall, R. I 3. Ossian Ray, R.
J. F. Briggs, R.       |
NEW JERSEY.
G. M. Robeson, R. 5. John Hill, R.
J. H, Brewer, R. 6. Phineas Jones, R.
Miles Ross, D. 7. AAHardenburgh.D
H. S. Harris, D.
NEW YORK. ■     '    .     '
Perry Belmont, D. IS. John Hammond, R.
Wm.E.Hobuison,D;19. A. X. Parker, R.
J". Hyatt Smith,       |30. George West. R.    *
Archib'd M. Bliss,Di21. Ferris Jacobs, Jr.,R.
Benjamin Wood, D. 22. Chas. R.Skinner,R,
Samuel S. Cox, D.   23. C. D. Prescott, "R.
Philip H.Dugro,D.i24. Joseph Mason, R.
Anson G.McCook,R'25. Frank Hlscock, R,
John Hardy, D.      135. John H. Camp, R.
AbramS. Hewitt, Di-7. J. W.Wadsworth.R
Rosw'ltP. FlowevJ) 28. J. W. Dwight, R.
AValdoHutchins, D.
J. H. Ketcham, R.
Lewis Beach, D.
Orlando Hubbs. R.
J. W.Shackelford,D
William It. Cox, D.
29. D. P. Richardson,R
30. J. Van Voorhis, R.
31. R. Crowley, R.
Thomas Cornell, R.!32. J. Scoville, D.
M. N. Nolan, D.       33. H. Van Aernam, R.
Walter A. Wood, R. I
NORTH CAROLINA.
Louis C. Latham,D.  5. Alfred M.Scales.D.
"     "    " "" 6. Clement Dowd, D.
7. R. F. Armtield. D.
8. R. B. Vance, D.
. OHIO.
BenButterworthR 11. Henry S. Neal, R.
Thos. L. Young, It; 12. Geo. L. Converse,D
Henry L. Morey, R.}13. Gibson Atherton, D
Emanuel Schultz.R 14. Geo. AV. Geades, D.
Ben Lo Fevre, D. 15. ttufus R. Dawe^, R.
Jas. M. Ritchie, R.'10. J. T. Updegratf, R.
John P. Leedom, D. 17. W. McRinle.v,Jr„ R
J. W. Keifer, R.'IS. A.S.McClure, R.
Jas. S. RobinSon,R.']9. E-ra B. Taylor, R.
John  B.   Rice,  R.'20. Amos Townsend, It
.  OREGON.
M. C. George, R.
RHODE ISLAND.
1. H. J. Spooner, R.   ) 2" Jonathan Chase, R.
^ ..   ...   .    SOU-*'- CAROLINA.
J. fa. Richurdson, D.| 4. J. H. Evlns, D.
S. Dibble, D. 5. G. D. Tillman, D.
D. W. Aiken, D<      '
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13:
14.
1.
.2.
3.
4.
6.
PENNSYLVANIA.
H. H. Bingham, R.15. C. C. .Tad win, R.
Charles O'Neill, R.16. R.J.  C. Walker, R.
S. J. Randall, D.      '17. J. M. Campbell, B.
Wm. D. Kelley, R. 18. H. G. Fisher, R.
A. C. Harmer, R.    |19. F. F. Belzhaoyer.D
William Ward, R.    20. A. G. Curtin,-D-
Wm. Godshalk, R. 21. Morgan R. Wise.D.
D. Ermentrout, D.!22. Russell Errett. R.
A. Herr Smith, R. 23. Thos. M. Bayne,, R..
Wm. Mutchler, D.24. W.Shellenberge^R
Robert Klotz, D.     25. Jas. Mosgrove, D.
Jos. A. Scranton, R 26. Sam H. Miller, R.
diaries N.. Brumm.m. L.F. Watson, R.
Samuel F. Barr, R.j
TENNESSEE.
A. H. Pettibone, R.
L.D.Houk,R.
G.G.Dibbrell,D.
'B.McMillin, D.
R. Warner, D..
6. J. F. House, D. -
7. AV.C.Whitthorne, D
8. J. D. C. Atkins, D.
9. C. B.Simmonton, D
10. Wm. E. Moore, R.
1. J.
2. D.
3. O.
1. C.
2. J.
1. G.
2. J.
3. G.
4. J.
5. G.
H. Reagan, D.
B. Culberson, D,
Wellborn, D.
TEXAS.
4. R. Q. Mills, D.
5. a. TJ"-.. Jb?ics.
6. C. Upson, D.
VERMONT. ■    ..
H. Joyce, R. I 3. Wm. W. Grout, R,
M. Tyler, R. J
VIRGINIA.
. T. Garrison, D.
F. D.ezendorf, R.
. W. Wise, D.
Jorgensen, R.
. C. Cabell, R.
6. J. R. Tucker, D.
7. John Paul.
8. J. S. Barbour, D.
9. A. FuVterson.
WEST VIRGINIA.
1. B. Wilson, D. | 3. J. E. Kenna, D.
2. J. B.Hoge,D. I
WISCONSIN.
1. C. G. Williams, R.
2. L. B. Caswell, R.
3. G. C. Hazelton, R.
4. P. V. Deustor, D.
5. E. S. Bragg, D.
6. R. Gueritrier, R.
7. H.L.Humphrey, R.
8. T. C. Pond, R.
The United States Mint.
Washington, November 27.
The annual report of the Director of the
United States Mint for the fiscal year esded
June 30,1881, contains, in addition to the
customary detailed statements of the opera- <
tions. of the mints and assay offices, much
valuable information in regard to the production of precious metals in the United
States and in the world, their use in the
coinage of this and foreign countries, consumption in aEits and manufactures, specie
circulation, and an examination of the
course of prices, comparing paper and metallic circulation for a series of fifty-six
years with the percentage of yearly prices t»
the mean priees of staple articles, indicating
the annual variations in the purchasing
price of money. Gold and silver received
and operated npon by all the mints and -
assay offices, exceeding by more than SF50,-
000,009 the receipts of any previous year,
amounted to $226,225,522, of which $193,-
871,101 was gold, and $32,854,421
silver. This large increase was
due to the continued influx of
gold from abroad, over $95,000,000 deposited being from that source alone. The
coinage facilities of the mints will be enlisted to their fullest extent in converting
this bullion into coin. The gold coinage
amounted to $78,733,864, of which $15,345,-
520 was in double eagles, and the remainder
in coins of lesser denominations. The coinage of silver was confined to the minimuin
value of silver bullion required to be coined
by the law authorizing the coinage of the
Btandard silver dollar, $27,637,955 of which
were struck; of subsidiary coins only $12,011
were coined, and of base metal or minor „
coins $405,109. The total coinage of silver
dollars since the passage of the act for their
coinage, up to November 1, was $100,672,-
705, of which $34,096,327 are in circulation;
and $58,833,770 held by the Treasury for the
payment of outstanding; silver certificates,
leaving $7,737,608 for disbursement by the
Treasury in ordinary payments.
The usual  examinations and settlements
were made at the close of the year.
The report referring to the probable restoration of silver to its former place in the
monetary circulation, says: "In view of the
failure of the International Monetary Conference to agree upon any practical measure, and, while awaiting its future action,
it is a question for our serious and early
consideration, whether it is not desirable to
guspend further coinage of silver until by .
international agreement and effective legislation unlimited coinage of silver and gold
at common fixed rates shall have been authorized by the principal commercial Rations of Europe and America. Should the
$650,000,000 silver coin now full legal tender
in Europe be demonetized, the United
States could not, single handed among
commercial Nations, with no European cooperation or allies, sustain the value Of silver from an inevitable fall. With that danger menacing us, we cannot, without serious embarrassment, continue such coinage
unless other commercial Nations will agree
upon the general use of silver as well as
gold.
"The ratio of 15}_" to one already approved, and in use among the nations composing the Latin Union, would doubtless
be chosen. This would cause, if the coinage
of silver, as well as gold, at all the mints
of the world were made free, as bimetallism
implies, the voluntary withdrawal from
circulation of the standard- dollars and their
recoinage. In such case the further coinage of the silver dollars of the present
weight, unless needed for circulation, is a
useless expenditure." Director Burchard
estimates the world's production of gold
ior the calendar year 1880 at $107,000,000,
and of; silver $87,500,000. The consumption
of the world In ornamentation, manufactures and the arts is estimated for th.e same*
period at $75,000,000 gold and $35,000,000 silver. The estimated circulation of the principal countries of the world Is placed at $3,221,-* ■■
000,000; full legal tender silver, $2,155,-
000,000; limited tenders, $423,000/000;
total specie, $5,759,000,000; paper, $3.644,v
000,000, making the total circulation, including the amount held in the Governmehts-
treasuries, banks, and in active circulation,.
$9,403,000,000. Upon the subject of "the
course of prices, and Indicating the annual t
variations in the purchasing power of money in the United States, the Director has
prepared tables showing the average annual
prices in both gold and currency of the
leading staple articles In the New York,
market for fifty-six years, with the mean
price of each, and also the relation which
the average annual price of each article
bears to the mean price for the whole term
of years. The mean percentage for each
year of all articles named furnishes a basis
for measuring the purchasing power oi
monev, and is Instructively compared with
the  per capita circulation and  estimated
wealth for each year.
, ■« « .^ : :— ■     ■■■,-.
— A Harvard College professor reports that out of 119 samples otwall
papers of various colors, all Obtained in.
Boston, he. found nearly one-third poisonous; and out of sixteen "samples of
tinted paper used in kindergarten
scnools," cards,, tickets, window-curtains, lamp shades, shades for the eyes,
covers of books and boxes, wrappers,
and a variety of other purposes, and in
some form met with in almost every
household, be found two-thirds poisonous; and out of forty samples of dress
goods and fabrics be found nearly one-
quarter poisonous; also, that within the
past few months be has found- ai'senio
in children's toys, candles, writing paper, bat-lihingj and various otber articles. Laws similar to those enacted in
Illinois, Michigan, 3SeW York and New
Jersey are asked for.
—Daughter   (bome from  school)—•'■'
Now, papa,  are  you   satisfied?   Just;
look at my testimonial-.-' 'Poltical econ*-
omy, satisfactory; fine arts and music,
very good; logic, excellent."   Father—
Very much so, my dear—especially - as
regards your future.   If your husband! '
sbould understand  anything of bouse-
keeping, cooking, mending and the use
of a sewing-machine, perhaps y our mar-
Tied life wfll indeed be bappy.  -
—It doesn't require a.pair of horsoa
to drag out a miserable existence.